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- 0:00 Understanding Climate Blips: Natural phenomena like El Niño/La Niña cycles, solar variations, and volcanic eruptions cause short-term fluctuations that can mask the underlying long-term global warming trend.
- 1:50 New Research Methodology: Climate scientists Stefan Rahmstorf and Grant Foster used advanced computing and statistical techniques (Change Point Analysis, lagged correlation analysis, piecewise linear fit, LOWESS smooth) to filter out these short-term "blips" from historical temperature data.
- 2:52 Historical Warming vs. New Findings: Previously, the planet had been warming at a steady rate of approximately 0.2°C per decade since the 1970s.
- 9:54 Significant Acceleration Discovered: The rigorous analysis revealed a "regime shift" in global warming around 2015. The most recent 10-year trend indicates a significantly steeper warming rate of about 0.4°C per decade, more than double the previous rate.
- 11:58 Large and Significant Acceleration: The research concludes that by removing the noise of natural variability, there is now "no longer any doubt" about a substantial and statistically significant acceleration of global warming.
- 5:31 Paris Agreement Target at Risk: The 1.5°C warming limit of the Paris Climate Accord is defined as an average over a 20-year period.
- 12:33 Impending 1.5°C Breach: Based on the newly revealed accelerated warming rate, the 1.5°C threshold is projected to be exceeded by late 2026.
- 0:02 The "Poland A" and "Poland B" Divide: Poland is split into a wealthier, liberal West ("Poland A") and a less prosperous, conservative East ("Poland B"), a division clearly visible in election maps and often referred to as "Vidash Zabori" ("you can see the partitions").
- 1:12 Historical Partitions (1772-1795): The root cause is traced back to the late 18th century when Poland was partitioned by the Kingdom of Prussia (West/North), the Russian Empire (East), and the Habsburg Empire (Southeast), effectively ceasing to exist as an independent state.
- 1:48 Post-WWI & WWII Border Changes: After regaining independence in 1918, Poland expanded eastward. However, post-WWII, its borders were redrawn, ceding eastern territories (Kresy borderlands) to the USSR and gaining former German territories in the West (e.g., Wrocław, Gdańsk), establishing a new Western frontier.
- 3:06 Massive Forced Migrations: This territorial swap involved one of Europe's largest forced migrations, with around 5 million ethnic Germans expelled from the new Polish western territories and 4.8 million Poles (mostly from the annexed eastern regions) resettled in their place.
- 3:34 Economic Disparity Rooted in History: The West inherited a more developed, industrialized region from Germany, featuring established coal mines, steel works, power plants, and dense rail networks. In contrast, the East remained largely agrarian and underdeveloped due to decades of Russian imperial neglect and post-WWII construction with cheaper materials.
- 4:23 Post-Communist Economic Lag: Despite attempts at equalization under communism and significant average income growth after 1989's market transition, the East continued to lag. It saw less investment, lower consumer activity, and a less developed banking and credit system compared to the West.
- 5:14 Persistent Income Gaps: Studies confirm that wealthier regions, especially in the West, became even richer relative to the national average (GDP per capita) between 2004-2016, while poorer eastern regions fell further behind. Eastern regions have significantly lower average salaries and GDP per capita.
- 5:53 Population Decline in the East: Several poorer rural eastern regions have lost over 10% of their population since 2011, as young people migrate West for better economic opportunities, reinforcing the "two-speed Poland" concept.
- 6:09 Cultural and Political Divide: The East remains traditional and socially conservative, aligning with the Law and Justice party and the Catholic Church (e.g., "LGBTQ-free zones"). The West, particularly due to post-WWII repopulation leading to weaker community ties, leans more socially liberal with a sharper decline in self-declared Catholics and support for pro-European policies.
- 7:06 Nuances and Erosion (Slightly): While the divide persists, EU cohesion funds have improved infrastructure like highways and rail, linking the country better. There's also significant variation within regions and a growing rural-urban divide, suggesting the East-West split isn't the sole axis of inequality.
- 7:39 Conclusion: Despite some erosion and emerging new patterns, the historical divisions between Poland's East and West remain clearly evident across economic, political, and cultural fronts.
identifier:5453
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host:193.8.40.126
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-pZNRN4XAEinclude_comments:None
include_timestamps:1
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output_language:en
cost:0.0200363
*Abstract:* This video discusses new research by Stefan Rahmstorf and Grant Foster that rigorously re-evaluates global temperature trends, accounting for natural short-term climate variability such as ENSO cycles, solar luminosity, and volcanic activity. By employing advanced statistical techniques like Change Point Analysis and piecewise linear fitting, the study reveals that the rate of global warming has significantly accelerated, now more than double the rate observed since the 1970s. The findings indicate a "regime shift" in warming around 2015, with the current decadal warming rate at approximately 0.4°C. This accelerated trend implies that the 1.5°C warming limit set by the Paris Climate Accord, calculated as a 20-year average, is projected to be exceeded as early as late 2026. *Our Planet is Warming TWICE as Fast as We Thought: New Research Reveals Accelerated Climate Change* * *0:00 Understanding Climate Blips:* Natural phenomena like El Niño/La Niña cycles, solar variations, and volcanic eruptions cause short-term fluctuations that can mask the underlying long-term global warming trend. * *1:50 New Research Methodology:* Climate scientists Stefan Rahmstorf and Grant Foster used advanced computing and statistical techniques (Change Point Analysis, lagged correlation analysis, piecewise linear fit, LOWESS smooth) to filter out these short-term "blips" from historical temperature data. * *2:52 Historical Warming vs. New Findings:* Previously, the planet had been warming at a steady rate of approximately 0.2°C per decade since the 1970s. * *9:54 Significant Acceleration Discovered:* The rigorous analysis revealed a "regime shift" in global warming around 2015. The most recent 10-year trend indicates a significantly steeper warming rate of about 0.4°C per decade, more than double the previous rate. * *11:58 Large and Significant Acceleration:* The research concludes that by removing the noise of natural variability, there is now "no longer any doubt" about a substantial and statistically significant acceleration of global warming. * *5:31 Paris Agreement Target at Risk:* The 1.5°C warming limit of the Paris Climate Accord is defined as an average over a 20-year period. * *12:33 Impending 1.5°C Breach:* Based on the newly revealed accelerated warming rate, the 1.5°C threshold is projected to be exceeded by late 2026. I used gemini-2.5-flash| input-price: 0.3 output-price: 2.5 max-context-length: 128_000 on rocketrecap dot com to summarize the transcript. Cost (if I didn't use the free tier): $0.02 Input tokens: 62246 Output tokens: 545
Abstract:
This video discusses new research by Stefan Rahmstorf and Grant Foster that rigorously re-evaluates global temperature trends, accounting for natural short-term climate variability such as ENSO cycles, solar luminosity, and volcanic activity. By employing advanced statistical techniques like Change Point Analysis and piecewise linear fitting, the study reveals that the rate of global warming has significantly accelerated, now more than double the rate observed since the 1970s. The findings indicate a "regime shift" in warming around 2015, with the current decadal warming rate at approximately 0.4°C. This accelerated trend implies that the 1.5°C warming limit set by the Paris Climate Accord, calculated as a 20-year average, is projected to be exceeded as early as late 2026.
Our Planet is Warming TWICE as Fast as We Thought: New Research Reveals Accelerated Climate Change
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Fluidigm Polaris Part 2- illuminator and camera
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Fluidigm Polaris part 1 : • Fluidigm Polaris (Part 1) - Biotech g...
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mikeselectricstuff
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40 Comments
@robertwatsonbath
6 hours ago
Thanks Mike. Ooof! - with the level of bodgery going on around 15:48 I think shame would have made me do a board re spin, out of my own pocket if I had to.
1
Reply
@Muonium1
9 hours ago
The green LED looks different from the others and uses phosphor conversion because of the "green gap" problem where green InGaN emitters suffer efficiency droop at high currents. Phosphide based emitters don't start becoming efficient until around 600nm so also can't be used for high power green emitters. See the paper and plot by Matthias Auf der Maur in his 2015 paper on alloy fluctuations in InGaN as the cause of reduced external quantum efficiency at longer (green) wavelengths.
4
Reply
1 reply
@tafsirnahian669
10 hours ago (edited)
Can this be used as an astrophotography camera?
Reply
mikeselectricstuff
·
1 reply
@mikeselectricstuff
6 hours ago
Yes, but may need a shutter to avoid light during readout
Reply
@2010craggy
11 hours ago
Narrowband filters we use in Astronomy (Astrophotography) are sided- they work best passing light in one direction so I guess the arrows on the filter frames indicate which way round to install them in the filter wheel.
1
Reply
@vitukz
12 hours ago
A mate with Channel @extractions&ire could use it
2
Reply
@RobertGallop
19 hours ago
That LED module says it can go up to 28 amps!!! 21 amps for 100%. You should see what it does at 20 amps!
Reply
@Prophes0r
19 hours ago
I had an "Oh SHIT!" moment when I realized that the weird trapezoidal shape of that light guide was for keystone correction of the light source.
Very clever.
6
Reply
@OneBiOzZ
20 hours ago
given the cost of the CCD you think they could have run another PCB for it
9
Reply
@tekvax01
21 hours ago
$20 thousand dollars per minute of run time!
1
Reply
@tekvax01
22 hours ago
"We spared no expense!" John Hammond Jurassic Park.
*(that's why this thing costs the same as a 50-seat Greyhound Bus coach!)
Reply
@florianf4257
22 hours ago
The smearing on the image could be due to the fact that you don't use a shutter, so you see brighter stripes under bright areas of the image as you still iluminate these pixels while the sensor data ist shifted out towards the top. I experienced this effect back at university with a LN-Cooled CCD for Spectroscopy. The stripes disapeared as soon as you used the shutter instead of disabling it in the open position (but fokussing at 100ms integration time and continuous readout with a focal plane shutter isn't much fun).
12
Reply
mikeselectricstuff
·
1 reply
@mikeselectricstuff
12 hours ago
I didn't think of that, but makes sense
2
Reply
@douro20
22 hours ago (edited)
The red LED reminds me of one from Roithner Lasertechnik. I have a Symbol 2D scanner which uses two very bright LEDs from that company, one red and one red-orange. The red-orange is behind a lens which focuses it into an extremely narrow beam.
1
Reply
@RicoElectrico
23 hours ago
PFG is Pulse Flush Gate according to the datasheet.
Reply
@dcallan812
23 hours ago
Very interesting. 2x
Reply
@littleboot_
1 day ago
Cool interesting device
Reply
@dav1dbone
1 day ago
I've stripped large projectors, looks similar, wonder if some of those castings are a magnesium alloy?
Reply
@kevywevvy8833
1 day ago
ironic that some of those Phlatlight modules are used in some of the cheapest disco lights.
1
Reply
1 reply
@bill6255
1 day ago
Great vid - gets right into subject in title, its packed with information, wraps up quickly. Should get a YT award! imho
3
Reply
@JAKOB1977
1 day ago (edited)
The whole sensor module incl. a 5 grand 50mpix sensor for 49 £.. highest bid atm
Though also a limited CCD sensor, but for the right buyer its a steal at these relative low sums.
Architecture Full Frame CCD (Square Pixels)
Total Number of Pixels 8304 (H) × 6220 (V) = 51.6 Mp
Number of Effective Pixels 8208 (H) × 6164 (V) = 50.5 Mp
Number of Active Pixels 8176 (H) × 6132 (V) = 50.1 Mp
Pixel Size 6.0 m (H) × 6.0 m (V)
Active Image Size 49.1 mm (H) × 36.8 mm (V)
61.3 mm (Diagonal),
645 1.1x Optical Format
Aspect Ratio 4:3
Horizontal Outputs 4
Saturation Signal 40.3 ke−
Output Sensitivity 31 V/e−
Quantum Efficiency
KAF−50100−CAA
KAF−50100−AAA
KAF−50100−ABA (with Lens)
22%, 22%, 16% (Peak R, G, B)
25%
62%
Read Noise (f = 18 MHz) 12.5 e−
Dark Signal (T = 60°C) 42 pA/cm2
Dark Current Doubling Temperature 5.7°C
Dynamic Range (f = 18 MHz) 70.2 dB
Estimated Linear Dynamic Range
(f = 18 MHz)
69.3 dB
Charge Transfer Efficiency
Horizontal
Vertical
0.999995
0.999999
Blooming Protection
(4 ms Exposure Time)
800X Saturation Exposure
Maximum Date Rate 18 MHz
Package Ceramic PGA
Cover Glass MAR Coated, 2 Sides or
Clear Glass
Features
• TRUESENSE Transparent Gate Electrode
for High Sensitivity
• Ultra-High Resolution
• Board Dynamic Range
• Low Noise Architecture
• Large Active Imaging Area
Applications
• Digitization
• Mapping/Aerial
• Photography
• Scientific
Thx for the tear down Mike, always a joy
Reply
@martinalooksatthings
1 day ago
15:49 that is some great bodging on of caps, they really didn't want to respin that PCB huh
8
Reply
@RhythmGamer
1 day ago
Was depressed today and then a new mike video dropped and now I’m genuinely happy to get my tear down fix
1
Reply
@dine9093
1 day ago (edited)
Did you transfrom into Mr Blobby for a moment there?
2
Reply
@NickNorton
1 day ago
Thanks Mike. Your videos are always interesting.
5
Reply
@KeritechElectronics
1 day ago
Heavy optics indeed... Spare no expense, cost no object. Splendid build quality. The CCD is a thing of beauty!
1
Reply
@YSoreil
1 day ago
The pricing on that sensor is about right, I looked in to these many years ago when they were still in production since it's the only large sensor you could actually buy. Really cool to see one in the wild.
2
Reply
@snik2pl
1 day ago
That leds look like from led projector
Reply
@vincei4252
1 day ago
TDI = Time Domain Integration ?
1
Reply
@wolpumba4099
1 day ago (edited)
Maybe the camera should not be illuminated during readout.
From the datasheet of the sensor (Onsemi): saturation 40300 electrons, read noise 12.5 electrons per pixel @ 18MHz (quite bad). quantum efficiency 62% (if it has micro lenses), frame rate 1 Hz. lateral overflow drain to prevent blooming protects against 800x (factor increases linearly with exposure time) saturation exposure (32e6 electrons per pixel at 4ms exposure time), microlens has +/- 20 degree acceptance angle
i guess it would be good for astrophotography
4
Reply
@txm100
1 day ago (edited)
Babe wake up a new mikeselectricstuff has dropped!
9
Reply
@vincei4252
1 day ago
That looks like a finger-lakes filter wheel, however, for astronomy they'd never use such a large stepper.
1
Reply
@MRooodddvvv
1 day ago
yaaaaay ! more overcomplicated optical stuff !
4
Reply
1 reply
@NoPegs
1 day ago
He lives!
11
Reply
1 reply
Transcript
0:00
so I've stripped all the bits of the
0:01
optical system so basically we've got
0:03
the uh the camera
0:05
itself which is mounted on this uh very
0:09
complex
0:10
adjustment thing which obviously to set
0:13
you the various tilt and uh alignment
0:15
stuff then there's two of these massive
0:18
lenses I've taken one of these apart I
0:20
think there's something like about eight
0:22
or nine Optical elements in here these
0:25
don't seem to do a great deal in terms
0:26
of electr magnification they're obiously
0:28
just about getting the image to where it
0:29
uh where it needs to be just so that
0:33
goes like that then this Optical block I
0:36
originally thought this was made of some
0:37
s crazy heavy material but it's just
0:39
really the sum of all these Optical bits
0:41
are just ridiculously heavy those lenses
0:43
are about 4 kilos each and then there's
0:45
this very heavy very solid um piece that
0:47
goes in the middle and this is so this
0:49
is the filter wheel assembly with a
0:51
hilariously oversized steper
0:53
motor driving this wheel with these very
0:57
large narrow band filters so we've got
1:00
various different shades of uh
1:03
filters there five Al together that
1:06
one's actually just showing up a silver
1:07
that's actually a a red but fairly low
1:10
transmission orangey red blue green
1:15
there's an excess cover on this side so
1:16
the filters can be accessed and changed
1:19
without taking anything else apart even
1:21
this is like ridiculous it's like solid
1:23
aluminium this is just basically a cover
1:25
the actual wavelengths of these are um
1:27
488 525 570 630 and 700 NM not sure what
1:32
the suffix on that perhaps that's the uh
1:34
the width of the spectral line say these
1:37
are very narrow band filters most of
1:39
them are you very little light through
1:41
so it's still very tight narrow band to
1:43
match the um fluoresence of the dies
1:45
they're using in the biochemical process
1:48
and obviously to reject the light that's
1:49
being fired at it from that Illuminator
1:51
box and then there's a there's a second
1:53
one of these lenses then the actual sort
1:55
of samples below that so uh very serious
1:58
amount of very uh chunky heavy Optics
2:01
okay let's take a look at this light
2:02
source made by company Lumen Dynamics
2:04
who are now part of
2:06
excelitas self-contained unit power
2:08
connector USB and this which one of the
2:11
Cable Bundle said was a TTL interface
2:14
USB wasn't used in uh the fluid
2:17
application output here and I think this
2:19
is an input for um light feedback I
2:21
don't if it's regulated or just a measur
2:23
measurement facility and the uh fiber
2:27
assembly
2:29
Square Inlet there and then there's two
2:32
outputs which have uh lens assemblies
2:35
and this small one which goes back into
2:37
that small Port just Loops out of here
2:40
straight back in So on this side we've
2:42
got the electronics which look pretty
2:44
straightforward we've got a bit of power
2:45
supply stuff over here and we've got
2:48
separate drivers for each wavelength now
2:50
interesting this is clearly been very
2:52
specifically made for this application
2:54
you I was half expecting like say some
2:56
generic drivers that could be used for a
2:58
number of different things but actually
3:00
literally specified the exact wavelength
3:02
on the PCB there is provision here for
3:04
385 NM which isn't populated but this is
3:07
clearly been designed very specifically
3:09
so these four drivers look the same but
3:10
then there's two higher power ones for
3:12
575 and
3:14
520 a slightly bigger heat sink on this
3:16
575 section there a p 24 which is
3:20
providing USB interface USB isolator the
3:23
USB interface just presents as a comport
3:26
I did have a quick look but I didn't
3:27
actually get anything sensible um I did
3:29
dump the Pi code out and there's a few
3:31
you a few sort of commands that you
3:32
could see in text but I didn't actually
3:34
manage to get it working properly I
3:36
found some software for related version
3:38
but it didn't seem to want to talk to it
3:39
but um I say that wasn't used for the
3:41
original application it might be quite
3:42
interesting to get try and get the Run
3:44
hours count out of it and the TTL
3:46
interface looks fairly straightforward
3:48
we've got positions for six opto
3:50
isolators but only five five are
3:52
installed so that corresponds with the
3:54
unused thing so I think this hopefully
3:56
should be as simple as just providing a
3:57
ttrl signal for each color to uh enable
4:00
it a big heat sink here which is there I
4:03
think there's like a big S of metal
4:04
plate through the middle of this that
4:05
all the leads are mounted on the other
4:07
side so this is heat sinking it with a
4:09
air flow from a uh just a fan in here
4:13
obviously don't have the air flow
4:14
anywhere near the Optics so conduction
4:17
cool through to this plate that's then
4:18
uh air cooled got some pots which are
4:21
presumably power
4:22
adjustments okay let's take a look at
4:24
the other side which is uh much more
4:27
interesting see we've got some uh very
4:31
uh neatly Twisted cable assemblies there
4:35
a bunch of leads so we've got one here
4:37
475 up here 430 NM 630 575 and 520
4:44
filters and dcro mirrors a quick way to
4:48
see what's white is if we just shine
4:49
some white light through
4:51
here not sure how it is is to see on the
4:54
camera but shining white light we do
4:55
actually get a bit of red a bit of blue
4:57
some yellow here so the obstacle path
5:00
575 it goes sort of here bounces off
5:03
this mirror and goes out the 520 goes
5:07
sort of down here across here and up
5:09
there 630 goes basically straight
5:13
through
5:15
430 goes across there down there along
5:17
there and the 475 goes down here and
5:20
left this is the light sensing thing
5:22
think here there's just a um I think
5:24
there a photo diode or other sensor
5:26
haven't actually taken that off and
5:28
everything's fixed down to this chunk of
5:31
aluminium which acts as the heat
5:32
spreader that then conducts the heat to
5:33
the back side for the heat
5:35
sink and the actual lead packages all
5:38
look fairly similar except for this one
5:41
on the 575 which looks quite a bit more
5:44
substantial big spay
5:46
Terminals and the interface for this
5:48
turned out to be extremely simple it's
5:50
literally a 5V TTL level to enable each
5:54
color doesn't seem to be any tensity
5:56
control but there are some additional
5:58
pins on that connector that weren't used
5:59
in the through time thing so maybe
6:01
there's some extra lines that control
6:02
that I couldn't find any data on this uh
6:05
unit and the um their current product
6:07
range is quite significantly different
6:09
so we've got the uh blue these
6:13
might may well be saturating the camera
6:16
so they might look a bit weird so that's
6:17
the 430
6:18
blue the 575
6:24
yellow uh
6:26
475 light blue
6:29
the uh 520
6:31
green and the uh 630 red now one
6:36
interesting thing I noticed for the
6:39
575 it's actually it's actually using a
6:42
white lead and then filtering it rather
6:44
than using all the other ones are using
6:46
leads which are the fundamental colors
6:47
but uh this is actually doing white and
6:50
it's a combination of this filter and
6:52
the dichroic mirrors that are turning to
6:55
Yellow if we take the filter out and a
6:57
lot of the a lot of the um blue content
7:00
is going this way the red is going
7:02
straight through these two mirrors so
7:05
this is clearly not reflecting much of
7:08
that so we end up with the yellow coming
7:10
out of uh out of there which is a fairly
7:14
light yellow color which you don't
7:16
really see from high intensity leads so
7:19
that's clearly why they've used the
7:20
white to uh do this power consumption of
7:23
the white is pretty high so going up to
7:25
about 2 and 1 half amps on that color
7:27
whereas most of the other colors are
7:28
only drawing half an amp or so at 24
7:30
volts the uh the green is up to about
7:32
1.2 but say this thing is uh much
7:35
brighter and if you actually run all the
7:38
colors at the same time you get a fairly
7:41
reasonable um looking white coming out
7:43
of it and one thing you might just be
7:45
out to notice is there is some sort
7:46
color banding around here that's not
7:49
getting uh everything s completely
7:51
concentric and I think that's where this
7:53
fiber optic thing comes
7:58
in I'll
8:00
get a couple of Fairly accurately shaped
8:04
very sort of uniform color and looking
8:06
at What's um inside here we've basically
8:09
just got this Square Rod so this is
8:12
clearly yeah the lights just bouncing
8:13
off all the all the various sides to um
8:16
get a nice uniform illumination uh this
8:19
back bit looks like it's all potted so
8:21
nothing I really do to get in there I
8:24
think this is fiber so I have come
8:26
across um cables like this which are
8:27
liquid fill but just looking through the
8:30
end of this it's probably a bit hard to
8:31
see it does look like there fiber ends
8:34
going going on there and so there's this
8:36
feedback thing which is just obviously
8:39
compensating for the any light losses
8:41
through here to get an accurate
8:43
representation of uh the light that's
8:45
been launched out of these two
8:47
fibers and you see uh
8:49
these have got this sort of trapezium
8:54
shape light guides again it's like a
8:56
sort of acrylic or glass light guide
9:00
guess projected just to make the right
9:03
rectangular
9:04
shape and look at this Center assembly
9:07
um the light output doesn't uh change
9:10
whether you feed this in or not so it's
9:11
clear not doing any internal Clos Loop
9:14
control obviously there may well be some
9:16
facility for it to do that but it's not
9:17
being used in this
9:19
application and so this output just
9:21
produces a voltage on the uh outle
9:24
connector proportional to the amount of
9:26
light that's present so there's a little
9:28
diffuser in the back there
9:30
and then there's just some kind of uh
9:33
Optical sensor looks like a
9:35
chip looking at the lead it's a very
9:37
small package on the PCB with this lens
9:40
assembly over the top and these look
9:43
like they're actually on a copper
9:44
Metalized PCB for maximum thermal
9:47
performance and yeah it's a very small
9:49
package looks like it's a ceramic
9:51
package and there's a thermister there
9:53
for temperature monitoring this is the
9:56
475 blue one this is the 520 need to
9:59
Green which is uh rather different OB
10:02
it's a much bigger D with lots of bond
10:04
wise but also this looks like it's using
10:05
a phosphor if I shine a blue light at it
10:08
lights up green so this is actually a
10:10
phosphor conversion green lead which
10:12
I've I've come across before they want
10:15
that specific wavelength so they may be
10:17
easier to tune a phosphor than tune the
10:20
um semiconductor material to get the uh
10:23
right right wavelength from the lead
10:24
directly uh red 630 similar size to the
10:28
blue one or does seem to have a uh a
10:31
lens on top of it there is a sort of red
10:33
coloring to
10:35
the die but that doesn't appear to be
10:38
fluorescent as far as I can
10:39
tell and the white one again a little
10:41
bit different sort of much higher
10:43
current
10:46
connectors a makeer name on that
10:48
connector flot light not sure if that's
10:52
the connector or the lead
10:54
itself and obviously with the phosphor
10:56
and I'd imagine that phosphor may well
10:58
be tuned to get the maximum to the uh 5
11:01
cenm and actually this white one looks
11:04
like a St fairly standard product I just
11:06
found it in Mouse made by luminous
11:09
devices in fact actually I think all
11:11
these are based on various luminous
11:13
devices modules and they're you take
11:17
looks like they taking the nearest
11:18
wavelength and then just using these
11:19
filters to clean it up to get a precise
11:22
uh spectral line out of it so quite a
11:25
nice neat and um extreme
11:30
bright light source uh sure I've got any
11:33
particular use for it so I think this
11:35
might end up on
11:36
eBay but uh very pretty to look out and
11:40
without the uh risk of burning your eyes
11:43
out like you do with lasers so I thought
11:45
it would be interesting to try and
11:46
figure out the runtime of this things
11:48
like this we usually keep some sort
11:49
record of runtime cuz leads degrade over
11:51
time I couldn't get any software to work
11:52
through the USB face but then had a
11:54
thought probably going to be writing the
11:55
runtime periodically to the e s prom so
11:58
I just just scope up that and noticed it
12:00
was doing right every 5 minutes so I
12:02
just ran it for a while periodically
12:04
reading the E squ I just held the pick
12:05
in in reset and um put clip over to read
12:07
the square prom and found it was writing
12:10
one location per color every 5 minutes
12:12
so if one color was on it would write
12:14
that location every 5 minutes and just
12:16
increment it by one so after doing a few
12:18
tests with different colors of different
12:19
time periods it looked extremely
12:21
straightforward it's like a four bite
12:22
count for each color looking at the
12:24
original data that was in it all the
12:26
colors apart from Green were reading
12:28
zero and the green was reading four
12:30
indicating a total 20 minutes run time
12:32
ever if it was turned on run for a short
12:34
time then turned off that might not have
12:36
been counted but even so indicates this
12:37
thing wasn't used a great deal the whole
12:40
s process of doing a run can be several
12:42
hours but it'll only be doing probably
12:43
the Imaging at the end of that so you
12:46
wouldn't expect to be running for a long
12:47
time but say a single color for 20
12:50
minutes over its whole lifetime does
12:52
seem a little bit on the low side okay
12:55
let's look at the camera un fortunately
12:57
I managed to not record any sound when I
12:58
did this it's also a couple of months
13:00
ago so there's going to be a few details
13:02
that I've forgotten so I'm just going to
13:04
dub this over the original footage so um
13:07
take the lid off see this massive great
13:10
heat sink so this is a pel cool camera
13:12
we've got this blower fan producing a
13:14
fair amount of air flow through
13:16
it the connector here there's the ccds
13:19
mounted on the board on the
13:24
right this unplugs so we've got a bit of
13:27
power supply stuff on here
13:29
USB interface I think that's the Cyprus
13:32
microcontroller High speeded USB
13:34
interface there's a zyink spon fpga some
13:40
RAM and there's a couple of ATD
13:42
converters can't quite read what those
13:45
those are but anal
13:47
devices um little bit of bodgery around
13:51
here extra decoupling obviously they
13:53
have having some noise issues this is
13:55
around the ram chip quite a lot of extra
13:57
capacitors been added there
13:59
uh there's a couple of amplifiers prior
14:01
to the HD converter buffers or Andor
14:05
amplifiers taking the CCD
14:08
signal um bit more power spy stuff here
14:11
this is probably all to do with
14:12
generating the various CCD bias voltages
14:14
they uh need quite a lot of exotic
14:18
voltages next board down is just a
14:20
shield and an interconnect
14:24
boardly shielding the power supply stuff
14:26
from some the more sensitive an log
14:28
stuff
14:31
and this is the bottom board which is
14:32
just all power supply
14:34
stuff as you can see tons of capacitors
14:37
or Transformer in
14:42
there and this is the CCD which is a uh
14:47
very impressive thing this is a kf50 100
14:50
originally by true sense then codec
14:53
there ON
14:54
Semiconductor it's 50 megapixels uh the
14:58
only price I could find was this one
15:00
5,000 bucks and the architecture you can
15:03
see there actually two separate halves
15:04
which explains the Dual AZ converters
15:06
and two amplifiers it's literally split
15:08
down the middle and duplicated so it's
15:10
outputting two streams in parallel just
15:13
to keep the bandwidth sensible and it's
15:15
got this amazing um diffraction effects
15:18
it's got micro lenses over the pixel so
15:20
there's there's a bit more Optics going
15:22
on than on a normal
15:25
sensor few more bodges on the CCD board
15:28
including this wire which isn't really
15:29
tacked down very well which is a bit uh
15:32
bit of a mess quite a few bits around
15:34
this board where they've uh tacked
15:36
various bits on which is not super
15:38
impressive looks like CCD drivers on the
15:40
left with those 3 ohm um damping
15:43
resistors on the
15:47
output get a few more little bodges
15:50
around here some of
15:52
the and there's this separator the
15:54
silica gel to keep the moisture down but
15:56
there's this separator that actually
15:58
appears to be cut from piece of
15:59
antistatic
16:04
bag and this sort of thermal block on
16:06
top of this stack of three pel Cola
16:12
modules so as with any Stacks they get
16:16
um larger as they go back towards the
16:18
heat sink because each P's got to not
16:20
only take the heat from the previous but
16:21
also the waste heat which is quite
16:27
significant you see a little temperature
16:29
sensor here that copper block which
16:32
makes contact with the back of the
16:37
CCD and this's the back of the
16:40
pelas this then contacts the heat sink
16:44
on the uh rear there a few thermal pads
16:46
as well for some of the other power
16:47
components on this
16:51
PCB okay I've connected this uh camera
16:54
up I found some drivers on the disc that
16:56
seem to work under Windows 7 couldn't
16:58
get to install under Windows 11 though
17:01
um in the absence of any sort of lens or
17:03
being bothered to the proper amount I've
17:04
just put some f over it and put a little
17:06
pin in there to make a pinhole lens and
17:08
software gives a few options I'm not
17:11
entirely sure what all these are there's
17:12
obviously a clock frequency 22 MHz low
17:15
gain and with PFG no idea what that is
17:19
something something game programmable
17:20
Something game perhaps ver exposure
17:23
types I think focus is just like a
17:25
continuous grab until you tell it to
17:27
stop not entirely sure all these options
17:30
are obviously exposure time uh triggers
17:33
there ex external hardware trigger inut
17:35
you just trigger using a um thing on
17:37
screen so the resolution is 8176 by
17:40
6132 and you can actually bin those
17:42
where you combine multiple pixels to get
17:46
increased gain at the expense of lower
17:48
resolution down this is a 10sec exposure
17:51
obviously of the pin hole it's very uh
17:53
intensitive so we just stand still now
17:56
downloading it there's the uh exposure
17:59
so when it's
18:01
um there's a little status thing down
18:03
here so that tells you the um exposure
18:07
[Applause]
18:09
time it's this is just it
18:15
downloading um it is quite I'm seeing
18:18
quite a lot like smearing I think that I
18:20
don't know whether that's just due to
18:21
pixels overloading or something else I
18:24
mean yeah it's not it's not um out of
18:26
the question that there's something not
18:27
totally right about this camera
18:28
certainly was bodge wise on there um I
18:31
don't I'd imagine a camera like this
18:32
it's got a fairly narrow range of
18:34
intensities that it's happy with I'm not
18:36
going to spend a great deal of time on
18:38
this if you're interested in this camera
18:40
maybe for astronomy or something and
18:42
happy to sort of take the risk of it may
18:44
not be uh perfect I'll um I think I'll
18:47
stick this on eBay along with the
18:48
Illuminator I'll put a link down in the
18:50
description to the listing take your
18:52
chances to grab a bargain so for example
18:54
here we see this vertical streaking so
18:56
I'm not sure how normal that is this is
18:58
on fairly bright scene looking out the
19:02
window if I cut the exposure time down
19:04
on that it's now 1 second
19:07
exposure again most of the image
19:09
disappears again this is looks like it's
19:11
possibly over still overloading here go
19:14
that go down to say say quarter a
19:16
second so again I think there might be
19:19
some Auto gain control going on here um
19:21
this is with the PFG option let's try
19:23
turning that off and see what
19:25
happens so I'm not sure this is actually
19:27
more streaking or which just it's
19:29
cranked up the gain all the dis display
19:31
gray scale to show what um you know the
19:33
range of things that it's captured
19:36
there's one of one of 12 things in the
19:38
software there's um you can see of you
19:40
can't seem to read out the temperature
19:42
of the pelta cooler but you can set the
19:44
temperature and if you said it's a
19:46
different temperature you see the power
19:48
consumption jump up running the cooler
19:50
to get the temperature you requested but
19:52
I can't see anything anywhere that tells
19:54
you whether the cool is at the at the
19:56
temperature other than the power
19:57
consumption going down and there's no
19:59
temperature read out
20:03
here and just some yeah this is just
20:05
sort of very basic software I'm sure
20:07
there's like an API for more
20:09
sophisticated
20:10
applications but so if you know anything
20:12
more about these cameras please um stick
20:14
in the
20:15
comments um incidentally when I was
20:18
editing I didn't notice there was a bent
20:19
pin on the um CCD but I did fix that
20:22
before doing these tests and also
20:24
reactivated the um silica gel desicant
20:26
cuz I noticed it was uh I was getting
20:28
bit of condensation on the window but um
20:31
yeah so a couple of uh interesting but
20:34
maybe not particularly uh useful pieces
20:37
of Kit except for someone that's got a
20:38
very specific use so um I'll stick a
20:42
I'll stick these on eBay put a link in
20:44
the description and say hopefully
20:45
someone could actually make some uh good
20:47
use of these things
Example Output:
**Abstract:**
This video presents Part 2 of a teardown focusing on the optical components of a Fluidigm Polaris biotechnology instrument, specifically the multi-wavelength illuminator and the high-resolution CCD camera.
The Lumen Dynamics illuminator unit is examined in detail, revealing its construction using multiple high-power LEDs (430nm, 475nm, 520nm, 575nm, 630nm) combined via dichroic mirrors and filters. A square fiber optic rod is used to homogenize the light. A notable finding is the use of a phosphor-converted white LED filtered to achieve the 575nm output. The unit features simple TTL activation for each color, conduction cooling, and internal homogenization optics. Analysis of its EEPROM suggests extremely low operational runtime.
The camera module teardown showcases a 50 Megapixel ON Semiconductor KAF-50100 CCD sensor with micro-lenses, cooled by a multi-stage Peltier stack. The control electronics include an FPGA and a USB interface. Significant post-manufacturing modifications ("bodges") are observed on the camera's circuit boards. Basic functional testing using vendor software and a pinhole lens confirms image capture but reveals prominent vertical streaking artifacts, the cause of which remains uncertain (potential overload, readout artifact, or fault).
**Exploring the Fluidigm Polaris: A Detailed Look at its High-End Optics and Camera System**
* **0:00 High-End Optics:** The system utilizes heavy, high-quality lenses and mirrors for precise imaging, weighing around 4 kilos each.
* **0:49 Narrow Band Filters:** A filter wheel with five narrow band filters (488, 525, 570, 630, and 700 nm) ensures accurate fluorescence detection and rejection of excitation light.
* **2:01 Customizable Illumination:** The Lumen Dynamics light source offers five individually controllable LED wavelengths (430, 475, 520, 575, 630 nm) with varying power outputs. The 575nm yellow LED is uniquely achieved using a white LED with filtering.
* **3:45 TTL Control:** The light source is controlled via a simple TTL interface, enabling easy on/off switching for each LED color.
* **12:55 Sophisticated Camera:** The system includes a 50-megapixel Kodak KAI-50100 CCD camera with a Peltier cooling system for reduced noise.
* **14:54 High-Speed Data Transfer:** The camera features dual analog-to-digital converters to manage the high data throughput of the 50-megapixel sensor, which is effectively two 25-megapixel sensors operating in parallel.
* **18:11 Possible Issues:** The video creator noted some potential issues with the camera, including image smearing.
* **18:11 Limited Dynamic Range:** The camera's sensor has a limited dynamic range, making it potentially challenging to capture scenes with a wide range of brightness levels.
* **11:45 Low Runtime:** Internal data suggests the system has seen minimal usage, with only 20 minutes of recorded runtime for the green LED.
* **20:38 Availability on eBay:** Both the illuminator and camera are expected to be listed for sale on eBay.
Here is the real transcript. Please summarize it:
Climate change
United Nations • Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
NEW RESEARCH - Our planet is warming TWICE as fast as we thought!
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Planet earth has been warming at a rate of about 0.2 degrees Celsius since the 1970's. Recent record warm years have suggested that rate of change may have shifted in a very unwelcome direction. Now two highly experienced and respected climate analysts have rigorously interrogated that theory. And their conclusion is deeply concerning.
Help support this channel's independence at
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Video Transcripts available at our website
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Reference Links:
Rahmstorf and Foster - Global Warming has Accelerated Significantly
https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/...
Bevacqua et al - A year above 1.5C signals that Earth is most probably within the 20-year period that will reach the Paris Agreement limit.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s4155...
Climate Change Tracker - Indicators of Global Climate Change 2024
https://climatechangetracker.org/igcc
WMO report on 2024 heat
https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/wmo...
Check out other YouTube Climate Communicators
zentouro:
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Kurtis Baute:
/ scopeofscience
Levi Hildebrand:
/ the100lh
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Sarah Karvner:
/ @sarahkarver
ClimateTown: / @climatetown
Jack Harries:
/ jacksgap
Beckisphere: / @beckisphere
Our Changing Climate :
/ @ourchangingclimate
Transcript
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1,996 Comments
wol pumba
Add a comment...
@Jaabaa-1
17 hours ago
Starting at 2:30 I get a pulsing black line at the top, is it just my PC messing up here?
503
Reply
49 replies
@TomRathborne
15 hours ago
"The greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function." — Albert Allen Bartlett
316
Reply
24 replies
@charleswillcock3235
13 hours ago
"Trump moves to end NASA missions measuring carbon dioxide and plant health" is a subject which you should get your teeth into as a matter of urgency.
245
Reply
29 replies
@nilsson58
8 hours ago
Mar a Lago will soon be under water-Every cloud has a silver lining
63
Reply
4 replies
@joelsmith5769
7 hours ago
How have we arrived at this juncture? In my assessment, the preeminent existential threat confronting the global community is not the phenomenon of climate change—irrespective of whether its progression is occurring at twice the anticipated rate or tenfold. Rather, the most profound and immediate peril lies in the decisions, dispositions, and governance of the individual presently occupying the office of the President of the United States—an outcome made possible by the 76 million citizens whose electoral choice revealed an unsettling conviction that character is inconsequential to leadership.
13
Reply
@ruthmoram3861
16 hours ago
A lady in Japan writes to me to say she cannot cope with the 41 degree heat. Forget warming trends - life is already unbearable for millions. I'd say it''s urgent to deal with it now!
368
Reply
59 replies
@robertfontaine3650
16 hours ago
By the time we meet the test criteria we will be long past a catastrophic point in global warming. Only an oil company would set these criteria.
149
Reply
11 replies
@jasonnolan394
16 hours ago
We have had widespread wildfires here in western Canada for the past 3 summers. It produces woodsmoke that covers large areas of North America. This is putting huge amounts of carbon directly into the atmosphere which is making it hotter, which is making the land so dry, that all it takes is a lightening strike to set off a huge out-of-control wildfire. This is yet another feedback loop that is accelerating global warming.
101
Reply
24 replies
@chinookvalley
16 hours ago
How little regard we humans have for the other life forms on this planet that aren't able to "adapt" to what we have done.
113
Reply
11 replies
@damienflinter4585
14 hours ago
It surely grows more obvious...we're burning spaceship Earth under our own feet.
70
Reply
3 replies
@tube1971
16 hours ago
CONSERVATIVES: This is scary data. We should have less of that.
242
Reply
17 replies
@howardsimpson489
2 hours ago
Thanks for one of your usual excellent videos Dave. My organic gardener wife has been logging dates and events in her large rural garden for more than 25 years. The incremental changes point to climate change that plants and bugs respond to. This is nature's way of smoothing out the short term variability. We are warming and rising CO2 levels are fertilising plants.
6
Reply
@8754sspy
15 hours ago
Humanity - in aggregate, the sum total of all human activity - has no intention of slowing down on any of our current paths of growth, consumption, and exploitation of Earth's resources. In fact it's the opposite, as can be easily gleaned by reading widely available sources. It's not just AGW that's accelerating - it's human activity, specifically population growth, first world consumption patterns, and the desire in the developing world for first world standards of living. We are in a doom loop on many levels.
127
Reply
17 replies
@kasondaleigh
2 hours ago
I am happy to be old and only have a few years left. I can only imagine the horrors in store for humanity.
6
Reply
4 replies
@philreilly6959
12 hours ago
As Private Frasier (I think) in "Dad's Army" used to say "We're all doomed" and still the oil industry continues to increase production and search very hard for as many new sites as possible. What does it take for these greedy, rich billionaires to start thinking of others?
21
Reply
5 replies
@nsiev7043
14 hours ago
Ugh. So Exxon Mobil had the best research on climate change, buried it and by the time we’ve learned enough to make a difference, it’s too late. 😢
20
Reply
3 replies
@jeffellis1149
14 hours ago
This is my prediction for AI solving global warming sometime around 2030. AI: "Guys, the only way you can do this is drastically cut emissions right now", Humans: "Pah!"
54
Reply
6 replies
@mac_mcleod
14 hours ago
Way back in 2020, I used to say that there was enough CO2 in the atmosphere that +2C was inevitable.
There will be enough CO2 in the atmosphere by 2048 that +3C will be unavoidable.
26
Reply
12 replies
@Hitchhiker007
1 hour ago
If my near 7 decades of being conscious, the one thing I have most difficult to get people to understand is that we live a sphere spinning through space and once we've dug every mineral up, cut down every forest, polluted the ocean so there are no fish or safe water to drink. We can't just get off this messed up planet and buy a new one. Isn't better to maintain and care instead of exploit and destroy.?
6
Reply
3 replies
@Gidget-b8s
10 hours ago
Canadian here. My country is on fire. I'm in one of the safest zones, the east coast, and we're currently experiencing a drought and about to go into another unseasonable heatwave. Praying for rain soon so that we at least avoid more fire, even if the heat is coming regardless.
39
Reply
6 replies
@chamikk90
17 hours ago
stupidity+ego is going to end humanity.
167
Reply
26 replies
@ManiacRacing
14 hours ago (edited)
Yeah, but corporate profits are at all time record highs! And THAT is the ONLY thing that matters! Now shut up and go buy several air conditioners!
63
Reply
7 replies
@edbernie9675
14 hours ago
I was warned in high school in 1978 this would happen and humanity, being selfish and stupid, just went on as before. We get the planet we deserve, but i feel for the planet!
17
Reply
7 replies
@patrickkelly1195
17 hours ago
We have grossly underestimated the climate sensitivity measure, which is why we keep being surprised by the 'faster than expected' rate of warming. It all makes much more sense if you assume Hansen et al are correct.
79
Reply
6 replies
@Samael1113
17 hours ago
I'm going to comment just on the title;
So, I'm pretty sure this is not a shock to anyone who has been paying attention the last, at-least, decade.
Plenty of studies have come out admitting that at publishing they were using conservative estimates and models so as not to be overly alarming and seem completely imaginary for the masses when the people who get paid to argue against the findings start lobbying. Not to mention the tidal wave of biased studies trying to muddy and shift perception of the truth.
But for those of us actually paying attention we've known for a long time. Back when the hope was 1.5 C, a lot of us knew we were already past 2, probably 2.5 and 50/50 for 3. Now that the studies are at ~2.5 in best case, most of us know that means 3.5-4 if we're lucky.
79
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8 replies
@RobertPrue-g4s
17 hours ago
I recently read a paper written by James Hansen and company. Was discussing the earth’s albedo, which is down a half a percent. It’s interesting reading and rather concerning
45
Reply
4 replies
@dougpurdy2720
16 hours ago
Turns out denial is a temporary solution to a permanent problem.
79
Reply
7 replies
@tunneloflight
12 hours ago (edited)
Thermodynamically based on first principles, we are at +1.59 C here in 2025. We are committed to +2.89 C. In 2030 those numbers are: +1.94 C amd +3.54 C. 2040: +2.68 C and +4.92 C Yes +4.92 C committed. 2050: +3.41 C thermodynamic and committed +6.33 C.
The key factors are declining albedo and loss of aerosol masking, combined with CO2, Methane, nitrous and trace warming gases.
Today we are at about 429 ppm CO2. Add methane and other gases and we are at ~533 ppm CO2(e). Add albedo decline and declining aerosol masking and we are at ~756 ppm CO2(e).
In simple terms: we are toast. It is now far too late to do anything meaningful.
Meanwhile a certain skibidi fascist is throwing fuel on the fire and ordering the end pf science. Oh joy. Stomp on the accelerator just before we fly off the cliff into the climate abyss on the way to hell. Woo. Hoo!
44
Reply
18 replies
@etienne8110
16 hours ago
More that we are slowly adding other components (ice melting/lesser albedo, methane emissions, forest carbonwell reversal) adding ever more sources of additionnal ghg.
Co2 was the main and almost only source previously, but now the other factors are becoming more and more important on their own.
They are coumpounding one another in positive feedback loops.
We are in the great accélération phase...
47
Reply
20 replies
@bobbresnahan8397
8 hours ago
I live at 8600' just east of Taos NM. I've been driven out of my house 3 times in the last five years by climate related events -- a very large forest fire that moved to within 10 miles of my house, a one week wind storm with gusts above 100 mph that knocked out power and communications, an a May 1-2 snow storm that dumped 24 inches of snow and knocked out the power for several days again. The wind storm was particularly troublesome since our grid was built to withstand 50 mph winds. Collapse is a windstorm away. We've had a cool summer up in the mountains but it's been warm (hot as hell) down 1500'. I'm not worried about fire today, but I will be soon. Constant worry and the rain dances don't seem to help!
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@UnorthodoxTantrums
15 hours ago
As Cleon 26 said, "Kiss the void, gentlemen. We're f'ked."
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@sela2611
16 hours ago
we will find that things are far worse than we could ever have imagined especially when we include the ever increasing toxic chemical pollution ... by the time we really try and change course it will be too late if it isnt already
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@Yanquetino
17 hours ago
And here I thought we were in the handbasket. Looks like we’ve already arrived at the destination.
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@TheDoomWizard
16 hours ago
Yep we're cooked.
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@zettaiengineer4202
12 hours ago
WSJ had a recent article about how billionaires would be unable to reach their survival compounds in NZ when society collapses. There's no escape, we're all trapped on the same spaceship.
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@user-uq2ko4jq2v
6 hours ago
It feels like the world is too distracted with political problems to be able to deal with the planet's problem. Things are looking dire. 😔
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@vottat
15 hours ago
Thanks for the video
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@mikeharrington5593
14 hours ago
Brilliant work as ever by Rahmstorf & colleagues. IMHO, in practical terms, the key significant trend is really "Business as Usual". In this respect no end is in sight, thus ensuring all the contributory factors to global warming will continue to have stronger impacts going forward.
The NetZero On/Off switch is pie in the sky and people are really suffering now, globally, with the inexorable catalogue of extreme heat, extreme precipitation/flooding & uncontrollable wildfires dominating today's climate system. The academic global mean temperature is meaningless to those regions already suffering the terrible (non-average ! ) adverse effects of rapid climate change.
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@Pecisk
17 hours ago (edited)
Didn't you hear GOP admin said it is all canceled, we should go home, nothing to worry about :)
edit: Sorry for low hanging fruit joke. It is very scientific and fascinating. Trending is incredibly hard. All we know that certain things start to become a bit challenging. Like predicting forecast during summer. I think scientists has always warned about increased risks. But this is actually trying to understand what is actually happening, or how fast we are getting into hot mess.
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@shadowdance4666
17 hours ago
Climate science has so many variables and facets that it’s easy for deniers to dismiss or question direct causation with the slightest doubt in reflecting upon the evidence and the fossil fuel industry’s budget for misinformation is huge considering that net profits are 2 billion+ a day
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@deepashtray5605
16 hours ago
Humanity will most likely survive as long as we can keep the temperature average significantly below 3C, but the same cannot be said for civilization.
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@colinpodhaski339
11 hours ago (edited)
The only consistent thing about climate science over the years is that climate predictions are greatly underestimated- it's happening much faster than predicted.
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@PaulBrunt
16 hours ago
Your analysis is clear and well supported. I think it could be even stronger if you included potential flaws in the data or addressed the best counterarguments critics might raise. Starting from their position and showing how the evidence still holds up can make the case more convincing and help avoid the perception of bias.
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@guciolini123
17 hours ago
Misleading blimps is, what I get at the top of the video. Am I the only one?
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@thelazy0ne
15 hours ago
I'm sure living in an oven is going to be much more bearable if it comes 5 years later than expected.... 🙄
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@walter19882003
15 hours ago
There's a flashing black line at the top 3:09
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@Kattemageren
17 hours ago
I have lost hope... Oil is still going strong, population is still immense and we're just not doing enough
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@SeventhCircleID
17 hours ago
...Hansen wasn't bonkers then... who'd have thought. I worry the scientific community are continuing to push their analysis forwards into ever more complex methodologies to limit doubt, but at this point it could be argued as more record keeping or deckchair shuffling. Anyone serious knows we're in trouble.
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@scottjuhnke6825
17 hours ago
Good stuff, as always! Thank you!
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@michaelpirker3497
1 hour ago
Good job! Please keep it up... thanks
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@bige8549
17 hours ago
All you have to do to see that global ecosystem collapse is accelerating is look out your window: floods, droughts, high temps, wildfires, insect disappearance, etc.
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@HeatGeek
17 hours ago
Dave’s videos are unparalleled. Another doosey I’m sure
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@robertinget1613
17 hours ago
are we on verge of runaway?
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@OHexpat12
9 hours ago
I am one who was persuaded that risk of human extinction in the 2030s was low, but on the map. The mantra of 2100 this and that has not been a realistic scientific projection. Yet I am fine to admit that nature’s timeframe rarely follows our expectations and it looks like some of could be around to 2100, in theory.
As to the discussion of human extinction, it is necessary to determine the rate of human habitat degradation (a narrower definition used in conservation biology, rather than the admittedly more apocalyptic version). Given that human migration due to habitat degradation numbers over 1/2 a billion now, I believe this narrower definition of human extinction is relevant to our current reality. Another surprise to me in 2025 is demographic decline. As the livable parts of earth decline, the demands of overpopulation are also subsiding over the next decade or two. This I find hopeful.
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@angeladawn805
10 hours ago (edited)
I live at the very bottom of New Zealand, we're climbing out of winter (there is cherry blossom on some trees already) - this is the first winter that I've not had any firewood in the wood shed (I left it to the 20-something trio in my home to practice their adulting skills to organise buying in 5cubic metres in, they elected for a PS5 instead). Admittedly, they got through the remaining 1.5m in the shed from last winter... We're down to splinters now.... But, looks like it's not a pressing need. Only one instance of ice, a couple of hail, no snow. Winter is not coming.... The tide line will though 😢
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@salimufari
10 hours ago
I do love when you post the source data documentation in full for us to argue about. 😅
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@RonStanley-u4h
14 hours ago
My basic understanding is that there is more water in the atmosphere due to the increasing global temperature and that this would allow a greater concentration of greenhouse gasses to remain in the atmosphere for longer. I'm sure there are many people who understand this better than me and can tell me if I have mis-understood this scenario.
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@DroherBesati
3 hours ago
Waiting for the billionaires to stop buying ocean-front properties and start selling off their existing ocean-front properties. Until that happens, the world is safe.
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@kimwelch4652
15 hours ago
Statistical measures are lagging indicators, you have to wait 20 years to see if you are, statistically speaking, dead with 95% confidence. The climate's response to our behavior is also a lagging effect so you don't see the change cause by our failure to respond properly until much too late. So, the probability is that things are much worse than we think and we have much less time that we imagine. A good rule of thumb is twice as bad in half the time.
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@JensHolmAndersen
13 hours ago
Thanks for the update 👍
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@joeanderson8839
14 hours ago
Think about it like this. When a snowball rolls down a hill, it gets bigger and moves faster the farther it goes. Climate change is that snowball coming towards us. The warmer our climate gets, the faster our world warms.
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@taniaf1288
9 hours ago
We are having a massive algae bloom in South Australia that has devastated the fishing and tourism industry. The water is 4 degrees warmer than normal. No relief in sight
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@garysmith5025
16 hours ago (edited)
I think it's worth adding that, in my opinion, the statistical filtering method used to remove the effects of Vulcanism is Spock on!
I clearly have no shame!😉
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@Jack-d8d8e
10 hours ago
Damn, with all this twice as fast "warming" I'm having to cut and split more dead wood to keep the place warm as we shiver through another colder winter, which was colder than the last one, which was colder than the last one. But yeah... it is getting warmer... now the stove has got that awesome bed of coals glowing in the bowl. As for all that nasty CO2, well the approximately 1200 more trees than what were here ten years ago are lovin' it!
BTW... If you're one of those inner city soy latte sipping lifestyle "environmentalists"... YOU are living in the largest pollution centres ever created. But ya'll can't see the irony or the hypocrisy!
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@beutifullife573
17 hours ago
Abolish profiting from pollution and who keeps doing it loses everything. Simple solution!
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@hg6996
16 hours ago (edited)
Well, there's another recent paper, titled "The history of a + 3 °C future: Global and regional drivers of greenhouse gas emissions (1820–2050)" in which the authors expect three degrees of warming until 2050.
I guess we're doomed.
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@BeyondBlackWall
11 hours ago
11:15 "Well, we're not all going extinct by 2030, or anything like that." mmm.... maybe not by this factor alone, but go ahead and toss a coin.
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@billyjoesmo8251
13 hours ago
Who in the hell is we? every scientist I know behind closed doors expected it to be worse
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@lettersfromtheyear3000
14 hours ago
The more I tell people about this the less they believe me year by year. I am so so worried for all of us, and people seem to only become more ignorant due to censorship & purposeful corporate usurpation of discourse & disinformation over our society🥀
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@Hei1Bao4
13 hours ago
The trend of heat lagging behind CO2 levels appears to be holding true. When heat starts to become a hockey stick graph will probably be the point the world unanimously decides to act.
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@aquaticborealis4877
13 hours ago
Things feel substantially ramping up the last 10 years
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@AlbertTooth
10 hours ago
I just wanna say. Just have a think, thank you for providing science in a way that I can understand.
Also, if you can hear me. Hello fellow clippys.
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@rhaedas9085
17 hours ago
I'm still holding to the trend that's been very consistent - it's worse than we thought. Haven't really been surprised yet.
Also, referring to how things like the warming "pause" as well as sudden heating effects can disappear as they're seen in long term views. This is true, but doing the exact same thing and zooming out further to millions of years trend, and suddenly the real problem literally spikes into view after a long trend of regular cycles.
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@sudd3660
14 hours ago
i am in my 40's, i did not do enough throughout my life, i regret it all :(
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@JasonDennisLynch
16 hours ago
..twice as fast as the conservative projections given( so they wouldn't be perceived as alarmist) Bravo Sir❤🎉
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@stevenfrew9301
11 hours ago
Great explanation of the statistical analysis in the report and glad you referenced Potholer!!
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@patrickgriffiths889
16 hours ago
Excellent. Thanks.
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@DecadeAgoGaming
16 hours ago
Anyone else have a flashing black line at the top of this video???
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@jeffuhr9550
16 hours ago
Calm and data-backed analysis; great graphics.
I am ready to travel into our future with you, sir.
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@gordonwilson1631
16 hours ago
More anecdotal evidence is it’s got windier here in north east Scotland.
Generally there’s more energy in the weather system.
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@rolf-joachimschroder917
2 hours ago (edited)
I can confirm from my own experience that it has been getting "exponentially" warmer since 2015. We have lakes here that used to never get warmer than 19 degrees Celsius; today, 23 degrees is not uncommon. Since then, skiing and tobogganing in our ski areas have only been possible with snow cannons, and even so, they are becoming increasingly rare. And the extremes are becoming more and more frequent: in 2019 2-3 meters of snow in 3 days on the edge of the Alps, otherwise only 20-30 cm once a week, nothing else the whole winter. My snow blower is slowly rusting away.
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@LuciannaG123
13 hours ago (edited)
I studied temperature in my tiny village between the 1980 and now. I took 5 year averages.
I'm no scientist or statistician....and ..I might be wrong...but the average temperature here has already risen by 2.2 degrees Celsius.
We are in deep...
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@michaelmayhem350
15 hours ago
Thanks for the content I always look forward to the good news about the climate every Sunday while I'm pissin about at work.
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@jerryr536
16 hours ago
It's funny how no one ever mentioned the 1.5° as an average ever before.Until we reached 1.55°. Now it's a twenty year average.
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@ziziroberts8041
13 hours ago
Compound interest on record-breaking fossil fuel consumption.
Enjoy the day.
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@sketchy._.vasectomy
16 hours ago
Literally taught to me as a child in 1988 and my parents generation did absolutely fukking nothing about it.
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@ontheroad_again
3 hours ago
I was about to order a new TV but it's your footage that is glitching at the top 😂
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@farmergiles1065
11 hours ago
These two climate analysts - really, more like data analysts/statisticians, but what better fit of skills? - give the most refreshingly bright insights into the climate I've heard about in a long time. Many thanks for bringing this report to us!
I may not be an expert in statistics, but trained in math and computer science, and a year's study of stats, I do have some background. What I find, first of all, is the reprehensibly ignorant reporting of anything requiring stats all over the main-stream media, right wing or left or between. The sheer misrepresentation and false conclusions I hear so often is infuriating, when what I am looking for is reliable substance.
Certainly, our climate is a dynamic system containing multiple mathematically unstable conditions (weather, for one), and responding to multiple influences, external and internal. It seems to me unthinkable that we could describe outcomes, much less make predictions, without knowing and quantifying the contributions from each of these influences, noticing co-incidence of factors and their combined effects. This study makes a good start, and as a result, its conclusions are far more convincing to me than most climate change reports.
Let me say that I don't discount reports on smaller effects, like ice melting in Antarctica. That's big, but not big enough to encompass the entire climate. It's something to be factored in. And as we see in this report, it's not a straightforward thing to factor in one effect into the whole. We really need the perspective of the whole entity, which is not just the Earth, but the Earth's environs: which in some ways includes the whole solar system, the Sun most of all. This study reaches for a fuller perspective. Thanks again for reporting on it!
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@bobsmith6693
14 hours ago
Never mind all the blurb and blips my body senses that its been getting hotter every year for the past 10 years and the experience is definitely a frog in a slowly boiling pot.
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@ErnestOfGaia
1 hour ago
Rapid sea level rise by 2050 me thinks
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@MonkeyChessify
17 hours ago
The crux of it comes down to how precarious our infrastructure and overall global civilization is. More flooding, more migrants away from high heat zones, more floods washing out roads, etc are going to increase costs and kill people. A normal society would actively try to reduce the number of people killed, but here we are
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@Bennyboy-dog
13 hours ago
Humanity is self immolating, but why?
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@CormacDublin
17 hours ago
At this rate we will probably hit 2c above by 2030
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@russtaylor2122
17 hours ago
Cheers, Dave. When long time climate scientists are frantically trying to decide where to move to in the world, time to have a think. Curiously enough, England crops up quite a lot in their considerations...
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@garylpretty
5 hours ago
Once upon a time, this planet was too hot for the current forms of life. Life forms emerged in that environment and began to sequester the gases that warmed the atmosphere. Mega flora and fauna followed, the earth cooled. All the patterns of periodic catastrophic events occurred, some forms of life survived, but a statistically balanced earth conducive to our life form emerged. Then we started releasing what was sequestered, this is what the simple issue is.
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@UnknownPascal-sc2nk
16 hours ago
11:50 reference to potholer54. He does great technical work spiced with droll English humor.
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@RWBHere
11 hours ago
Thanks Dave. The cynic in me says that politicians will keep talking and doing nothing constructive, literally ad nauseam, in the expectation that so many people in the most vulnerable locations are killed off, thus reducing the damage done to our climate as a result of overpopulation.
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@petewright4640
17 hours ago
We're toast!
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@karlstone6011
3 hours ago
It's important to know exactly how quickly the Earth is becoming uninhabitable.
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@mateocortes4148
17 hours ago
Well this was a great video, but by god does it not help my anxiety. Either way great video Dave.
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@jean-pierredeclemy7032
1 hour ago
The flickering at the top of your images is not good for my balance.
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@envyamore9588
17 hours ago
This latest ENSO cycle proved we're rising exponentially. And no, you don't understand or appreciate what that means... we're in serious need of change.
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@junkerzn7312
12 hours ago
My take away: I need to install even more solar on my roof than I was planning, put environmental domes over the outside spaces and convert them to gardens for growing food, add atomospheric water extractors, ground-source heat pumps to regulate the temperature. And chickens. Lots and lots of chickens.
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@jageo48
16 hours ago
Anyone ready NOW to park your car and press for public transit?
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@paulasurf3830
14 hours ago
Always, amazing content❤
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@Mike-zx1kx
14 hours ago (edited)
Ice-cores drilled at the poles shows the conditions that were present when Homo Sapiens developed in Africa were stable 225 PPM carbon content in our atmosphere. That were what allowed us to develop, spread globally, thrive and multiply. In 1910 our atmospheric carbon content passed 300 PPM, an amount scientifically proven to not have been present for more than 1,5 million years, the oldest age of ice found. We have now passed insane 426 PPM carbon in our atmosphere and our global average temperature and oceanic temperature fast rising.
Climate tipping points are triggering all over the planet, like the thawing Siberian and Canadian tundra´s that accelerating emits CO2 and methane that now in itself surpass what many nations emits.
The three large nations with highest carbon emissions per capita are, worst first, Australia, USA, Canada. All three nations in 2025 use huge amounts of taxpayer money to SUBSIDSE fossil fuel. These emissions do even not include aviation in named countries that all are amongst the most airline using nationals on the planet. All three nations are absurdly amongst the nations that have great conditions for the NOW cheapest means of bulk energy production in a free market, offshore wind turbines. All three named nations have seen both financial and human costs related to climate change extreme weather, drought, floods, fires, dying coral reefs, lower yield harvests etc skyrocket last decade.
In USA they elected a president that says "drill baby drill, that want to spend more taxpayer money returning to dig expensive high emitting coal and allow for more local earthquake causing, ground water reservoir risking fracking. In Canada they discuss using large amounts of taxpayer money building a pipeline to transport fossil fuels. The more centre oriented Australian government, that just got an even stronger mandate, in last period approved over 50 new fracking sites.
In all the three nations laws and regulations are now designed to hamper even the natural replacement of the now cheapest option for energy production, offshore wind turbines, that on top are emission free, they all are so lucky to have great condition for.
If homework done, seabed investigated etc, it takes less than 2 years from signed contract until an offshore wind turbine can deliver it´s cheap and emission free energy. Raising wind turbines creates good stable local jobs and provide the entry ticket to the now largest global new job creator, businesses related to the green industrial revolution.
The three named nations above all are nations where Murdoch media have had significant media market shares they used to spew lies and manipulation with in regard to climate change and the correlation with burning fossil fuels for decades. Also where fossil fuel industry severely impacts politics by direct or indirect monetary contributions.
The money that allowed Pootin to build the army they illegally attacked Ukraine with came from fossil fuel industry, Gazprom.
The ONE thing that CAN solve our dire situation are raising offshore wind turbines in all nations where this is an optimal option and then we can drastically reduce our emissions fast! On top these wind turbines will allow for production of green hydrogen that can replace over 99% of where diesel and gasoline are used today, cars, trucks, trains, ships and planes.
WE are OUT OF TIME!
WE MUST discuss fast action against the nations that do not drastically reduce emissions. Global fast rising CO2 taxes on exports MUST be implemented. WE RIGHT NOW already are in the largest species extinction period since the asteroid hit Yucatan 66 million years ago. ANYONE that argues that more expensive fossil fuel based solution are the better alternative, that it are better to eradicate humanity because it are not financially viable MUST be deeply investigated to prove their bias are based in personal monetary causes.
WE are the monkeys of the galaxy! Maybe to harsh words against the monkeys. Name me ONE other mammal that deliberately and knowingly destroy the very habitat that created it, allowed it to thrive and multiply!?
ONLY ACTION COUNTS!
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@K.Solowoniuk
10 hours ago
"Experts find the sky is falling significantly faster than previously thought, news at 11 ... and now a word from our sponsor."
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@tomstruct
2 hours ago
Thanks Dave. Stay strong everyone ❤
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@jzamb
16 hours ago
Hi Dave. Thanks for another great video. BTW, could you possibly provide your thoughts about the damage that the current administration has wreaked upon the USDOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). All funding for wind and solar research was eliminated as well as severe cuts placed on other programs. This all looks very bad for America's standing in renewable energy research. Sadly, I only see things getting worse for our planet.
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@ujmijn2000
14 hours ago
Thanks 💙
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@bélalugrisi
17 hours ago
Human climate forcing dwarfs ENSO, volcanism and solar variation.
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@Imagine_A_New_Horizon
14 hours ago
Is anyone going to do anything about this or are we all going to keep staring at our phones?
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@dzcav3
8 hours ago
Bottom line: if you cherry-pick the right short-term data, and massage it enough in different ways, you can get it to say pretty much anything you want it to say. Thanks for the heads up; I would never have guessed that on my own. (sarc)
In actuality, according the the EPA website (from before the current administration), US heat wave warnings (using consistent criteria) peaked in the 1930's "dust bowl" and haven't come close to those levels since then.
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@DiscipleOfHeavyMeta1
12 hours ago
Gasp. You don't say.
We need a lot massive climate controlled greenhouses and vertical farms, serious breakthroughs in energy production technologies and effective cooling suits that are as effective as Winter wear. It's only way to survive.
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@Nashua-l1h
16 hours ago
The status quo doesn't want people to know that this is the real problem with global warming! Throughout the world, minerals are the needed resource for all infrastructures around the world. Basically, free minerals below the ground, for all to use globally! The earth's crust is very thin, and mountainous areas are thicker, where the ocean floor depth is only three miles to the mantles heat. Our planet core heat is like the sun's surface, about 10,000 Degree-Fahrenheit. Below the earth crust, (mantle) temperatures range around 1,800 Degree-Fahrenheit. By removing all these minerals, the earth's crust is losing the buffer barrier that protects us from the mantles heat. Meaning, the earth's crust is becoming thinner and causing alarming heat waves across the planet. Just Have a Think...
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@JamieGallerr
10 hours ago
"which is next year" so much sass, Queen!
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@michaelmilnes8168
17 hours ago
Forensic means "concerning the law courts".
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@notrueflagshere198
16 hours ago
Well, yeah, but could the president of the United States be wrong about this?
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@robertsherwood2153
10 hours ago
I'm in😊, I checked you out, you are in it for love, well grounded in facts. We need more warriors of the Truth, less purveyors of bullshit. Thank you ❤
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@murraysimmons941
17 hours ago
Keep up the good work.
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@Teshake
15 hours ago
Taking a look at the graph showing the Milankovic cycles you can see where we are now. The steepest point in the curve, almost vertical, suggesting exponential heating. And this has nothing to do with human habits or cowfarts. Instead of trying to fight Earth's ever changing climate we should be preparing for what's coming.
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@blackchallis
17 hours ago
Has everyone forgotton already? tonga tonga volcano ejected a massive amount of water vapor into the stratosphere. Estimates suggest that around 150 million tonnes, water vapor was released, this increased temps, as water aka clouds and the sun are the 2 largest factors for earth warming, this will have a knock on effect for at least 5 years. this is why we had more rain and its got a tad warmer.
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@isaachunt5799
6 hours ago
9c this morning here in sweden. we do get lot less snow now compared to when i moved here 2005. winters used to start october. now january. 2 years ago i remeber it being plus 15c on christmas day. insane.
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@punditgi
16 hours ago
We are doomed. 😢
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@8754sspy
15 hours ago
This is still the best single source for reality based climate change information I've found, and I've read and looked at many sources. Independent of anything else I personally need to understand this universe and its functioning, and this channel is one of the best for exactly that. Big thanks to the Brit with clear eyes and mind.
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@ThisTooShallPass2030
17 hours ago
underwater volcanoes are heating the coldest part of the oceans
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@stevejohnson2321
14 hours ago
I look forward to every Sunday. Because a quietly thoughtful voice awaits me.
Deep gratitude for what you do.
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@John-p7i5g
3 hours ago
If that's the case, then sea level rise and storm severity will also begin to increase exponentially.
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@sikunowlol
15 hours ago
i was semi-skeptical of global warming in the past - this summer completely made me believe.. 2 40°C days in portugal this summer
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@MDestron2282
9 hours ago (edited)
"Hey! Our house is on fire!"
"No it's not. It has to be on fire every year over a span of 20 years to be considered 'on fire'. Nothing to see here." - Seemingly most Climate Scientists
... we are not in good hands.
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@TheJamesRedwood
4 hours ago
Speaking of blips, how's that one at the top of the frame?
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@CitiesForTheFuture2030
14 hours ago
I don't like stats... so what else can we look at to assess how much peril how civilization is facing
- greenhouse gas emissions (in particular CO2 & methane) are rising at increasing rates
- Earths energy imbalance is rising at increasing rates
- ecological damage to key / critical ecosystems that removes GHGs is increasing
- the oceans are at a breaking point and may not be continue to absorb heat & CO2
- the threshold for many tipping points - that could trigger further tipping points (cascade) - is uncertain and we may have over-estimated their sensitivity to global atmospheric heating
On a side note: the Earth has 9 planetary boundaries for a livable planet. We have surpassed 8 of them. Climate may not be the only ecological system that has the potential for ending socio- political stability we have enjoyed the past 50 years or so. We must look at the state of all ecological systems for clues, not just climate. For example, there has been a substantial decline in insect species that will have a significant impact on various important ecological systems & services, awa the food web.
You can't negotiate with nature - it sets limits and describes consequences. Nature does not care about stats, politicians, negotiations & agreements. ALL human systems depends COMPLETELY on healthy ecological systems, & services... we play russian roulette with ecological stability with every moment of delayed restoration action. There are some human systems that may collapse before we even reach climate limits, e.g. insurance & re-insurance & the financial implications of this, labour (e.g. working outside is becoming very difficult during heatwaves), geo-political instability, socio-cultural pressures on, for example, fertility / birth rates (eco-anxiety is one reason for many deciding not to have kids), health etc.
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@kyking1670
15 hours ago
This is both frustrating and terrifying!
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@christopherbader4508
14 hours ago
David Suzuki said not to long ago that it's already to late because we choice economic policy over the environment but I think if we band together and vote in a political party that will address climate change it will turn around I don't want to give up just because people are miserable about the cost of living we need to address this now I don't believe it is to late as long as we don't vote conservative in Canada the conservatives are not conservative they are populists flying under the conservative flag don't vote conservative ever from now on and we will get a political party that will address climate change
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@longnewton1
2 hours ago
Seems to, give or take, confirm James Hanson’s work that global warming has accelerated. He says up from 0.18 degrees per decade to 0.3 degrees per decade in his latest paper. He previously estimated the increase was to 0.36 degrees per decade. A key factor is the removal of sulphuric from shipping fuels among other things. All very worrying when we should be slowing the rate of warming.
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@pepper419
12 hours ago
At the rate the population is rising, this planet has lost the plot.
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@terra9013
16 hours ago
Thanks
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@wingman2646
13 hours ago
One thing you didn't say Dave, is that if you extrapolate the current warming rate (as Leon Simmons did based on Forster & Rahmstorf) we'll cross 2 degrees in 2037.
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@edwardgilmour9013
1 hour ago
Well balanced presentation
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@nathangoodman3280
14 hours ago
What's that, faster than expected.?
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@TomCrockett-bl1gp
12 hours ago
We are all coming back so act accordingly!
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@mikeharrison1868
15 hours ago
Thanks for this!
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@joeanderson8839
14 hours ago
How hot does it have to get before we are not able to grow crops in the Northern hemisphere?
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@jitteryjet7525
11 hours ago
It's still too early to tell if it is a new trend, or just a "perfect storm" in warming factors. Give it a decade or two.
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@psikeyhackr6914
13 hours ago
Surprise, surprise!
We are dealing with a huge complicated interactive system which is difficult to even collect information about. What do people expect?
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@edeaglehouse2221
11 hours ago
This was a reasonable analysis of reasonable analysis of climate trends. Thanks for that!
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@matthew_baynham
12 hours ago
So if we are not all going extinct by 2030, when do the scientist say we are all going extinct?
Or when do the scientist say large parts of the Earth be unsuitable to support human life?
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@superkang7448
9 hours ago
When faster than expected meets faster than expected....
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@rinnin
13 hours ago
Brilliantly broken down Dave. Nice one! 🤌🤌
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@marksmit8112
11 hours ago
Climate scientists have underestimated the feedback loops, seasonal variations such as el nino, volcanic activity and sunspots are not considered because models are built for long term trend.
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@justmenotyou3151
14 hours ago (edited)
Some scientists appear to be downplaying the temperature rise in multiple ways, including by using linear trends, a late baseline and a low climate sensitivity, to give a false impression of the time we have. Not including aerosol masking effect, clood cover and numerous feedbacks would give us lots of time and skew the statistics to be what you want. Of course a major slowdown or stoping of the AMOC changes much.
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@digiryde
15 hours ago
Strange. My video has a flickering bar across the entire top of the video. It seems to be swapping a black bar in and out several times per second. The other thing I notice is a bit of "tearing" just under that. I made sure nothing else was running, but it is still there. Other videos I have watched up to this did not have this issue.
Otherwise, an excellent video as usual.
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@gerbre1
14 hours ago
Cleaner air with less particles reflecting sun light also has a great impact on higher temperatures. I once read that this impact is higher than vulcanic activities or sun activities.
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@chinookvalley
16 hours ago
It's either my epilepsy kicking in or the top of the screen is blinking.
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@RandallSlick
14 hours ago
Happy days!
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@JimSmith-d9t
3 hours ago
I have a problem with the concept of 'pre-industrial temperatures'. There was never a fixed pre-industrial temperature, and in Roman times grapes were being grown in Britain. The trend is upwards at present, but who is to say that it will not reverse? I am not a climate denier, and have seen at first hand the shrinkage of glaciers in the Alps over the past 40 years, but nobody can accurately predict the future.
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@oktc68
19 minutes ago
We need to get the planet much warm if we Europeans and British don't want to freeze our asses off when the gulf stream craps out on us.
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@conscienceaginBlackadder
15 hours ago
time for complete liberation of shorts in every part of life. Anyone who wants to keep them excluded anywhere is going against climate evidence
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@nicksallnow-smith7585
9 hours ago
But surely this was done before. It makes no sense that this is the first time scientists had tried to calculate the long term trend
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@VOXELVoxie
10 hours ago
Why can't we ever get good news...
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@ronbridegroom8428
14 hours ago
I believe the underwater volcano the erupted that sent millions of tons of water vapor into the atmosphere had a significant warming effect which is now dissipating.
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@hollyharries5284
4 hours ago
Every day counts. Am grateful. Blessings.
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@ax14pz107
14 hours ago
I'm not sure why removing the el nino effect is removing blips. What would be causing regularly strong el ninos other than additional energy being added by greenhouse gases?
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@DwainDwight
6 hours ago
great video. subscribed. we have had the wool pulled over our eyes for decades.
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@Mike80528
11 hours ago
Hansen has a new paper out. Doubling of CO2 from the pre-industrial baseline leads to a 4.5c increase, well above the worst case scenarios by the IPCC. We are screwed.
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@kevinkline2915
13 hours ago
$2.00
Thanks!
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@kasondaleigh
2 hours ago
Impressive presentation of the facts.
I appreciate your calm and well researched video. Thank you.
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@andywilliams7989
14 hours ago (edited)
Thank you for being one of the more trusted climat influencers, and pointing out these contributory factors. (Even though I observe that some of the words got stuck on the way up😂). I have been waiting for someone to dare to lay these factors out. The seemingly intentional ignoring of these factors by the co2 single cause single cell brain media brigade pushes so many people over to climate change denial, a nice gateway to even worse ideas.
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@aaronschmidt9753
7 hours ago
Enjoy it while it's still here folks
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@janisreifsteck78
15 hours ago
They adjusted for solar variability, volcanoes and ENSO. What influences did they leave out or ignore? The diminishing strength of the geomagnetic field? The accelerating migration of the magnetic north and south poles? Solar particle influence that accompanies the diminishing geomagnet's field strength?
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@psymongo
16 hours ago
It's a tough job but someone has to do it
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@Helieos45
4 hours ago
Good
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@tomduke1297
15 hours ago
im sorry, but i have to ask. why are we surprised that the logarithmic curve doubles? i thought that is what these things do... granted it took a bit to get going, it is a planet sized system with a lot of inertia after all, but this train is moving and the amount of greenhous gasses in the atmosphere are the gas pedal. the day we get those back down to preindustrial levels it will stop accelerating and form a new normal. but since it takes a few hundred years to get that stuff back out of the atmosphere even if we stopped emitting it today, i will not live long enough to see that... and im kinda glad tbh. that "new normal" probably s*cks, like a lot...
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@andrewjackson7785
2 hours ago (edited)
If the earth is so warm now why are the bulk of USA state temperature records 75 to 130 years ago? Only 5 states have their high record in the 2000’s.
How warm was it when the Romans had vineyards in the North of England or when in the medieval warm period the English wine industry rivalled the French?
China also records the same. We seem to be caught up in the current tech and models to try and tell the world, and yet forget the history of other periods.
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@mikeharrington5593
2 hours ago (edited)
Anecdotally the pattern of heat during the day appears to have changed. In Europe 40-50 odd years ago the heat of the day was seen to typically peak at around 12 noon to 1 pm ("mad dogs and Englishmen"). Nowadays the peak heat of the day appears to be more like 3 pm to 6 pm.
This suggests that the direct heat of the sun is no longer the main factor in the heat peak, but instead the accumulated absorption of solar heat by the land surface which now dissipates far more slowly because of the greenhouse gas "blanket". The same effect must be operating in the oceans, & even though the thermal conductivity of the oceans is comparatively less than the land surfacee, the oceans have a significantly higher capacity to retain heat.
The earth energy imbalance will surely maintain the warming upward curve (trend) until such time, out of greenhoue effect desperation, that some form(s) of (untried & untested) geoengineering is/are deployed
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@chesterV72
3 hours ago
I have to say, when you look at and listen to all the scientific information on climate change, I'm not surprised that there are still so many people, or that more and more people are changing sides and saying, “Who knows if it's really our fault” or “I don't think it's that bad.” And yes, all scientists say that global warming is real, but they are developing new models and new methods of statistical analysis and incorporating new data and so on and so forth... It's pretty hard to keep track of it all, even if you have the time. If you don't have time, all you hear is “we may have been wrong,” “it could be even worse,” “it might not be that bad,” “1.5 has been exceeded,” “No, it hasn't.”
That's just miserable communication and it's not going to get anyone off their ass. If anyone believes for even a minute that this kind of communication leads to anything other than useless confusion and a population that is overwhelmed and unable to assess what actually needs to be done now, then they must be really stupid, sorry. Given the impending economic disaster if we were to actually stop using fossil fuels immediately, this type of communication conveys neither urgency nor compels anyone to give enough credence to the statements of scientists.
I'm sorry, dear scientific community, this type of communication may make perfect sense among yourselves in order to finally develop a truly valid and reliable model, but as public communication, it is nothing less than the nail in the coffin for any real action against climate change!
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@johnsamsungs7570
11 hours ago
The kids should get ready for 5 + degrees by 2050.
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@DonQuickZote
3 hours ago
45 degrees in the south of France today.
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@williamupdike4863
13 hours ago
0,42C per decade increase is still a stat that represents the past, as to the next 10 years, I would suggest that we be prepared for an increase that is more than that amount, remember, less ice, more GHGs, more deserts, less forests, and increase in population is all leading to a very real problem, that we are in no way prepared for. We can all play games with the numbers, but temps reaching 2C sooner than expected is a very real possibility, even by 2034, certainly by 2040. But if we seriously lower our GHG, stop population increase by 2030, maybe things could work out for this planet.
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@wendygerrish4964
15 hours ago
Great sensible presentation thankyou. Critical pount of freezing has been reached, such that land and sea ice providing less heat moderation. In applied engineering we understood how the critical pt of boiling plays a role in steam technology... but water also has a critical point of freezing and capacity (now accelerating down) to get super frozen, and thus capacity to moderate atmospheric and oceanic temps...if there is enough ice that is.
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@2nostromo
13 hours ago
these are the end of the "before" times
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@noconsent
16 hours ago
Good to know the estimations that show 3 degrees plus of warming are actually 20 years behind, because they use a rolling average from 20 years back.
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@BeardLAD
1 hour ago
They accounted for “Global Dimming” since 9/11/2001…
…when the average temperature increased - inexplicably - by one degree.
BBC Horizon did a special on the explanation in 2005.
Good luck finding that Horizon Special: the original one.
The powers to be also took control of ‘pan evaporation rates’, too, because that data is so simple, so easily understood, the truth would be impossible to deliberately bury: so they obfuscated the data on pan evaporation rates instead.
If the science doesn’t fit the interests of the group, the group will attack the science.
The question: WHAT black-black swan event will cause a mass migration of human refuges, and, WHEN.
In the next ten years we’ll see a black-black swan event that will kill millions & displace millions more.
If a nation isn’t food secure, for its own indigenous population, it needs to be by 2030.
At some point in the next ten years we’re gonna cook, and there will be consequences to ‘deliberately burying’ the simple scientific truth.
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@scoutmaster-s8860
11 hours ago
Excellently informative video as always!
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@bringhomethebasil8729
9 hours ago
Paul Beckwith (YouTube) keeps up with the latest scientific research that James Hansen does. Best channel for this topic.
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@blinkingmanchannel
13 hours ago
$1.99
I'd be interested in your well educated take on the following question:
I'm kinda wondering if there wouldn't bea feedback loop of warming (and acceleration and an increasing rate) from the fact (?) that heat pushes more water vapor into the air, and water vapor pass itself a "greenhouse gas" -- which I am assuming would add to whatever hydrocarbons... And then more water... and so on. But my question really comes down to: what's the range of summer high temperatures in London or Bordeaux, and duration? I see that, tomorrow, Bordeaux is supposed to go above 101 F, for two days... The count of +100 F days per summer must be of practical interest.... no?
...At some point you gotta buy an AC unit, no?
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@sebastianfusc3374
16 hours ago
Thank you for your your brilliant work. I wonder if you had thought about doing a video or series of videos on cheap, effective insulation methods. I’m literally considering hanging a reflective tarpaulin over our south facing wall. Pretty sure I’d get in trouble, but it might be the case that we start having to break a few norms. What if I decided, for example, to build a freestanding brick wall to shade my house? In the coming decades, I think planning permission is going to have to get flexible. We are going to need to protect ourselves from the heat and I don’t think we can afford to be prissy. I came across a video suggesting that insulating a basic house would cost £40,000. That is totally undoable.
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@planetmchanic6299
11 hours ago
What I'd like to find out is how much global warming is caused by all the wars going on. It's gotta be at least 10%.
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@dossthane
5 hours ago
2015 as an apparent inflection point suggests the influence of increasingly widespread fracking to me.
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@bigdavesFitLife
2 hours ago
3:03 bit of a weird flashing at the top of the screen. (Note for editor)
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@Oldguy-k3t
13 hours ago
Every country needs to contribute to a sunscreen in space. Just have to reduce sunlight by a small percentage.
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@caremeprenant
14 hours ago
Thanks a lot, Dave, for the ironic smile you succeed in pouring on those rather sinister forecasts... 😅 Great pleasure every week to hear you! 👍
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@siquepasa1886
12 hours ago
there is also a discoloration in the wall behind him. Observable in my PC but not much in my small cellphone screen. I thought it was 'cause I was watching the video in lowres but then I change it to 4K and it remained. A snall detail I know, but it is curious; some malfunctioning codec perhaps.
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@davidrobinson7834
5 hours ago (edited)
James Hansen, the ‘grandfather of climate science’ suggests that a significant part of the acceleration is due to reduction of aerosols, mostly due to shipping, which had previously lowered the rate of warming due to reflection of solar heat, much the same as sulfate particles from volcanic activity. I’ve not yet read the paper you refer to but would like to know what your thoughts are regarding Hansens work.
PS: Just quickly read the paper and they do in fact reference one of Hansen’s papers.
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@edgelordcutting
8 hours ago
We may have killed the planet but at least we created a lot of short term profit for shareholders.
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@susantownsend9340
16 hours ago
I really appreciate you Dave .😊☮️🌤️
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@HonestJohn-y3k
12 hours ago
Another great episode. I've been following the discussions about this question of acceleration. It's good to have more data to consider. Of course, the bottom line is: "This means we have to keep pushing to mitigate climate change, and push even harder." It underscores the point that time is of the essence. We don't have time to wait around for nuclear plants to be built and fuel cells to be figured out and finally become viable. We need to push as hard as possible for the solutions that are proven and available: Solar, wind and batteries, along with geothermal and hydro wherever these are feasible. We need to dramatically increase funding to mass transit, especially in the backwards US, and carefully consider greenhouse gas emissions in all aspects of urban planning and municipal regulation. The harder challenges are the heat for heavy industry, and the animal agriculture. But solutions will be found, as we keep working at these problems. The good news is that virtually all of the changes that are needed to mitigate climate change, have other "side effects" that are very positive for humans and for life on Earth, and these changes are also accelerating.
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@projectcontractors
7 hours ago
"There are huge non climate effects of carbon dioxide which are overwhelmingly favorable which are not taken into account. To me that's the main issue that the earth is actually growing greener. This has been actually measured from satellites the whole earth is growing greener as a result of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. So it's increasing agricultural yields, it's increasing the forests, it's increasing all kinds of growth in the biological world and that's more important and more certain than the effects on climate." ~Freeman Dyson, Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
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@jansenart0
17 hours ago
We're so beyond staunching the damage that the only hope for survival of life on earth is geoengineering.
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@AnthonyLuongoTony
12 hours ago
$2.00
Thanks!
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@murraybevan1721
8 hours ago
We have to get people enthusiastic about the idea of prepping - preparing for a major breakdown, because it looks like it is going to happen, in fact is happening, like the war in Syria caused by drought induced grain shortages.
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@comfortingabsurdity.
14 hours ago
I just wanna put this out there. Maybe someone will have an answer... People talk about 2 or 3 °C warming. But here at my home we experience a 7-8° hike in temperatures consistently all around the year. Is my hometown just fucked cuz we live in a valley or are there some other factors coming into play here?
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@AnnoyingCritic-is7rp
10 hours ago
The problem with using spline functions is it's kind of arbitrary. Why do you stop? What do you start? You just randomly pick periods of time and when you get one that you like you say "aha". It's increasing?
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@WilliamMatheson-j1r
4 hours ago
The Arctic sea ice minimum is heading for a record next month and the last permanent sea ice melted last year.With a possible Blue Ocean Event before 2030, the Methane release will be devastating and 65 Positive Feedbacks will accelerate even faster.You can't stop a Hothouse Earth developing,that threshold was pasted years ago.Even if we ceased CO2 emissions tomorrow,we will still have the Global Dimming affect,as well as the Positive Feedbacks accelerating.
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@johnmay3266
12 hours ago
Thanks, Dave
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@BarryFoster-p5j
3 hours ago
It must be getting warmer as my cat is shedding its fur earlier in the year, every year. A sure sign (a proxy, if you like).
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@DiGiTaLGraveDigga
7 hours ago
Zero Point Energy + C02 Extractors = End Game or we all DIE!
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@TheFlyingBrain.
12 hours ago
Get a grip, people! Why the hell are we quibbling about achieving certainty in the degree of warming trend above 95%? Wake up and realize how insane that is, given we re discussing primary factors leading to a 6th Great Extinction! Factors which, if allowed to continue, could take the living Earth millions of years to recover from. 90%, even 80% accuracy is too much to be taking chances with.
This is why, generally speaking, I've never been able to abide statistitions. Whatever the issue is, no matter how urgent it is, they'll find a way to beat it over the head with details until everyone involved is in their grave, and the issue concluded itself 3 generations back.
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@marksharman8029
6 hours ago
I wonder what happens when data is no longer collected. 🤔
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@barneyomulligan9739
2 hours ago
Thank you Dave, to have held me to the end after more than two mentions of "Statistics" makes you one of the greatest science communicators of my times.
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@donovanjones4175
15 hours ago
It turns out Malcolm Gladwell’s feedback loop is correct. All of our north is on fire here in Canada, that should release the trapped methane and send our temperature soaring in the next decade
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@martiansoon9092
3 hours ago
Problem on relying on older dataset means you get average for 5, 10 or 15 years earlier warming average. Just because you use earlier data.
If you extrapolate current trends, then picture changes radically and you see, that we have crossed 1,5C already. Using 2021-2025 and extrapolated 2026-2030 datasets and averaging them is one way to predict our current climatic temperature. If you use only 2016-2025 data average, then you get 2020 temperature, NOT current one.
Yea, extrapolation is a guessing future temperatures, but yet still it is the only way to get current temperature. That is why we have likely passed 1.5C (2025), but climate scientists use older (2020), more reliable data.
IPCC uses older data, that is 5 years behind current events (10yr average from past). Also often our talks goes behind latest IPCC publishment, so data is 10-15 years out of date... That misleads discussion by 0.2-0.5C at current warming trend...
At rapidly warming world using older data is a known lie that sets the background to far too rosy picture.
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@tomgreene8684
8 hours ago
What about changes to the aerosol masking effect. Surely this is a significant factor in analysing the stats.
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@cht2162
2 hours ago
"Look upon the bright side of life" Brian
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@enriquefuentesortega2251
14 hours ago
Thanks again Dave for a clear precise presentation.
It would be interesting to see where we stand in relation to Milankovich cycles... we might just be staving off the start of the next glaciation and that might buy us more time to quit... burning.
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@dermotdonnelly5495
8 hours ago
Great video as usual thanks.
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@randyrapaport2806
15 hours ago
Just have a think! It’s getting warmer, faster!
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@gnomeyg959
11 hours ago
Thank goodness the people who have the power to do anything about this are so old that they'll be dead before they have to feel the impact!
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@craigdougan8484
12 hours ago
What will a warmer, wetter planet do for plant life and average cloud cover?
And how long would the planet continue to warm if humanity did the impossible and stopped burning fossil fuels tomorrow?
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@stone1343
16 hours ago
Intuitively plausible, the rate of warming should be expected to increase as CO2 concentrations increase
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@juliesheard2122
4 hours ago
I remember watching Star Trek, where Captain Kirk eould arrive at a planet where the inhabitants had destroyed their world through some form of stupidity. Well, here we are Captain.
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@jasonz9902
16 hours ago
Although a fan of this channel and want to be informed I get an anxious feeling when a new video is posted.
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@danielmadar9938
16 hours ago
Thanks ❤
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@NomadicLiving
13 hours ago
While the very slow averages indicate change is slow - the floods in Texas killing over 100 people was fast. It takes only a few weeks of wetbulb temps in 3rd world countries to kill thousands; and only a couple of weeks to kill off or greatly reduce crops. fires are getting worse, so while the scientists are starring at lines on a graph, we are now more than ever, watching the weather and preparing for it.
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@stevenverrall4527
15 hours ago
And yet the polar icecaps are remarkably stable.
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@lodgecav490
16 hours ago
I think the servers are overheating too, judging by the video flickering😊
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@BRUtahn
13 hours ago
I am once again very glad i moved to Vermont
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@cobbles62
12 hours ago
I expected this
I am no scientist. I Don't know nothing about conveyor belts and reflective properties.
Just looking at the reporting I can see that while there are still people stuck at the question whether global warming is a thing, and other people keep themselves busy with the who's to blame game, scientist have been working hard to answer the next question: "How fast is this thing going?"
Then when they find an answer it upsets them. It upsets them so much they immediately start verifying their work, refining their answer, hoping they were wrong. Then their new answer upsets them even more. And the cycle continues.
This must be a fun time to be a climate scientist.
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@basilbrushbooshieboosh5302
1 hour ago
My question is why do the researchers insist in making these predictions with regard to [albeit] increasing rates of LINEAR progressions, when it is obvious to the deadest horse in a General Custer line-up that the temperature line graph is actually an EXPONENTIAL CURVE ???
Do we not have good prediction modelling for parabola's? What year is it? And who are the bird-brains directing the modelling efforts?
If one is worried about an inflexion, that can be statistically factored in to any model based prediction.
Rocket science it is not. Rock throwing science it is!
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@wayne8113
46 minutes ago
Thanks Dave
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@kennethstealey1311
15 hours ago
This seems likely. The oil and gas industry has been very successful in recent years, so if CO2 causes warming then an increasing rate of emissions should cause an increasing rate of warming.
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@msmci5854
1 hour ago
We also should not forget that most of our strategies for survival were developed during the ice age. We are not a hot house species. Our brains and gonads do not function well in a warm world. We will be out competed by those species that do well one a warmer planet.
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@researchcooperative
12 hours ago
Here in Japan farmers are clearly seeing the effects of heat on rice quaility: more low-quality rice with grains that easily break, and lower yields. Japan and other wealthy countries that can import more will put a squeeze on global prices. Crop yields and quailty and many other biological indicators can be used to monitor climate and weather effects. Can JHAT review this for us sometime?!
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@ReesCatOphuls
15 hours ago
Good to see the statistics confirming the increased rate of warming. No matter how I processed/plotted the data, it looked like acceleration. Interesting techniques that were applied. Bad news is that further warming at current/higher rates is very plausible, given government plans and possible lags in the pipeline
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@QuantumShineAMAC
10 hours ago
We haven't even hit 100° F in Mid Michigan in 8 years. But the past 3 years the sun shines on the North face of buildings after 2 pm and the South face before that, which isn't good at the 43°N lattitude
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@paulkliu
10 hours ago
Why are all the rich people and politicians buying up beachfront property that was supposed to be underwater 20 years ago?
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@proffessorclueless
2 hours ago
It has been obvious for quite some time that all the billions we have spent on solar and wind already is just slowing down the acceleration. It's also obvious that CO2 emissions will not be reduced anytime soon as more and more people are able to buy private jets and super yachts and air conditioning is added to more and more buildings and computer centers for AI and data grow in number and size requiring a massive increase in energy production and all the gas/oil companies increase their efforts with misinformation.
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@Stella_Job
12 hours ago
Does this paper address the cooling we've removed by reducing sulphur containing fuel and the resulting aerosols?
I've seen several papers which comment on that, as a major part of the explanation for accelerated warming recently.
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@gasdive
11 hours ago
It's blindly obvious we're already past 3 degrees having only just reached half way to doubling. The IPCC projections of 3 degree climate sensitivity (3 degrees equilibrium temperature when we reach 560 ppm) have been obviously wrong for decades.
Last year (2024) Berkeley Earth gave 2.28 degrees above 1850-1900 for the land temperature. The land heats up faster than the oceans, so the equilibrium temperature of our current atmosphere cannot be lower than that. The global average is just artificially held down by the ocean. If you're having issues with that, imagine putting a pan of cold water in an oven set to 90 degrees. After ten minutes the handle will be hot enough to burn you but the water will only just be warm. The handle can't be more than 90 degrees, and will in fact be less because some heat is flowing from the handle to the water. So if you only measure the temperature of the handle that sets a lower bound for the equilibrium temperature of the oven.
Now the 1850-1900 period isn't preindustrial. It's 150 years into the industrial age. Massive land clearance had already happened all over the world. Coal was used industrially for heating and refining iron as well as domestically for heating and cooking and had been for longer than the time since 1900. Estimates vary for the difference between 1850-1900 and preindustrial but they're in the range of 0.2-0.5 degrees. So last year's land temperature was actually 2.48-2.78 above preindustrial.
It's generally agreed that the aerosols from burning things hides about 1 degree of warming. So if we stop burning, the real warming is 3.48-3.78 above preindustrial. Of course if we don't stop burning things then it goes higher.
So where we are now, at 420 ppm exactly half way to doubling, is 0.48-0.78 degrees vabove the worst official predictions of a world with 560 ppm. We are in that 3+ degree world. We must take every step possible to avoid a 12 degree world, which is where we are heading at breakneck speed.
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@liamtaylor4955
13 hours ago (edited)
They're analyzing what's been observed recently, but are they considering paleoclimate data, and modelling which takes into account cloud formation and albedo changes?
These are discussed in Hansen & Kharecha's recent paper also titled Global Warming Has Accelerated (sub-titled Are the United Nations and the Public Well-Informed?)
Still, their analysis is, as you imply, bad enough.
We're going to warm at least 4°C, as much as 10°C (according to a physicist considering CO2 levels alone) even if we stop emitting today.
Imo we are beyond prevention and well into the adaptation phase—we better get going. The future is local and analog.
Thank you for your great videos, as always.
PS: ecological overshoot is still the main problem, of course, climate change is "merely" a symptom.)
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@scottjones6921
11 hours ago
And the impact of Hunga Tonga is not a consideration?
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@hughjaass3787
13 hours ago
As we say in Florida, "SHEEIIIITTTTTT!!!"
This is NOT good.
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@AnwarRad114
9 hours ago
20 year period to say warming is long time for rise to be 1.5 degrees.by that time it would be 2 degrees. exponentiality of the problem is the concerning factor.
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@karl-heinzwiegrink4296
5 hours ago
Thanks for your Channel.
I find it very strange, that they are not taking into account
a) the (probably cooling) effects of air-pollution from 1850 to 2000 and the (probably heating) effects of clean-air-regulations …
b) the increase of sunshine-hours (maybe „caused“ by clean-air)
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@Winsterwonders
13 hours ago
19 more years of data is too long to prove what we already know. We've beached the 1.5degree barrier and it's going to reach 2.0 within the next 5-7 years, we'll still be saying that the average amount of warming is less than 1.5 and doing next to nothing as tipping points are being breached and the positive feedback system is gathering pace. There is no going back even if we completely stop using fossil fuels tomorrow
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@glenlongstreet7
10 hours ago (edited)
Hi, this is not about this video but is kind of is. Greenland is losing ice weight at historical levels. Now, I am just a carpenter, but I do know that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. If Greenland is losing weight, the North American Plate is going to be affected. How much weight would it take to cause the plate to begin to rebound? And how would that affect Iceland, and how would that affect the Pacific Plate? Might that be enough to disrupt the balance of the plates worldwide?
I just watched a terrifying video about the Ring of Fire Waking up. Have you or your crew looked into this. But remember, I am just a carpenter.
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@sagargawande1010
2 hours ago
1.5 °C isn’t permanent yet — we’re at ~1.2–1.3 °C. Brief spikes happen, but the real danger is crossing it for decades… likely by the 2030s
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@eliinthewolverinestate
16 hours ago
Wow almost having La Nina's in the Atlantic 2 years in a row and warming twice as fast. Atlantic Niña is a natural climate pattern characterized by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean. It’s considered the ‘cold phase’ of what oceanographers call the Atlantic Zonal Mode, similar to how La Niña is the cold phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific. Climate alarmist always thinking more El Nino's are going to happen because models. Then we have more and more La Nina's which used to be rare. Global brightening is making planet hotter. I guess that's the price we pay for cleaner air. But increase wildfires from global brightening increasing droughts. Amazing how much hotter it got after clean air act in early 1980's. And now we are seeing just as bad of air from wildfires. An atmosphere still has over 6% more moisture years after Tonga volcano. It was close to 10%. The planet was actually cooling because of global dimming in the 70's.
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@memories-i8u
1 hour ago
Let's find some secure strong caves.
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@penguinuprighter6231
10 hours ago
Good one Dave..thanks a bunch
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@fletches4084
15 hours ago
The interesting corollary to all this is the shifts in human demographics. A general decline in birth rates which will likely accelerate if we don't do something to stop screwing up the climate could lead to a surprisingly rapid extinction of our species. If only we were smart enough to avoid it...
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@carlbrenninkmeijer8925
3 hours ago
So clear, well researched, super !!!!!!!
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@davitdavid7165
17 hours ago
Good news just when I needed it :)
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@SamWilkinsonn
14 hours ago
Mix between denial and bargaining stage despite the title.
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@bndgngmafia
12 hours ago
Trump: "let's turn off climate monitoring satellites". Problem solved.
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@welhungyongmancitywok8189
2 hours ago
This is actually a good development, i a have never denied climate change but i have always welcomed it with open arms. I am a natural human being however nature reacts to whatever is all fine by me. There is no bunker to hide in nature is the great equalizer and i am a full blown egalitarian. Rich poor nature does not care it kills indiscriminately and huge numbers all at once. Mount etna alone can solve a lot of problems within Europe with one blast and no one to blame. The point of no return is just no return on a current scale of human activity because they will be wiped out without anyone able to do anything about it. the remaining few will start over and they won't be the wealthy. no need for war or other evil deeds just natural catastrophes.
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@peterz53
15 hours ago
One negative effect, of many, of Trump being in office is greatly increased military spending all around, and with that comes the associated larger environmental impact. Of course, Biden didn't help on the military front by aiding Netanyahu and slow walking aid to Ukraine. As a soon to be ex-Floridian, US is fairly disappointing.
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@perrysturgeon
12 hours ago
theres no way its caused by carbon alone, we went from 280 ppm to 430 ppm , but carbon was at 1000s ppm at one time
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@paulhawker1685
15 hours ago
Another good video. Thanks Dave.
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@ians.339
37 minutes ago
What answers do you get from research scientists who are paid by politic bodies and governments who are want to promote the green narrative. It is give the answers that are required or get sacked.
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@paulmaag6958
10 hours ago
Stop the gaslighting!
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@GordAnderson-q5k
8 hours ago
Why are we warming faster now, about +0.3C per decade ? Hanson and others try to explain its likely caused by the removal of the cooling effect from pollution in Asia, and dirty shipping fuels. Bad news, but perhaps gives a clue to how we might actually survive the coming +2.5C era of "peak-heat" .. namely, by emitting particulates aka SRM geoengineering.
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@dan2304
13 hours ago
Data from multiple collection agencies confirms that the rate of increase of global warming is increasing at about 0.1 C per decade. 2015 to 2024 GW increased by 0.4 C and indicates that 2025 to 2034 increase in the rate of global warming will be 0.5 C. Extrapolated this means 2 C warming late 2030s, and 4 C warming in the 2070s. The IPCC 20 year average means the IPCC warming rate can be decades behind actual.
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@FrancisFjordCupola
49 minutes ago (edited)
Eh. I don't think it's right to say El Nino or La Nina warms or cools the climate ... the climate is the average weather over longer time periods. Usually 30 years. While El Nino's tend to last for a year or two. Weather would be more appropriate. Edit: what denialists refer to as "the pause" started with the 1998 El Nino, which was disproportionately hot and if you use an extremely hot start, the rest behind it seems a bit mild.
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@RicksPoker
13 hours ago
Thank you for doing these videos.
Warm regards, Rick.
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@gianpaulgraziosi6171
15 hours ago
Dodge, Duck, Dip, Dive, and Dodge.
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@shanecollie5177
15 hours ago
UAH data show the global average temperature has fallen 0.6 deg c in the last 6 months, there has been no change in the long term trend
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@Name..........
1 hour ago
Please, I don't want to have a think....it's 5 am
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@joesmith942
11 hours ago
95% CI is pretty much the accepted standard for "doing science". That's fine, but the issue is that this research isn't simply doing science. It is (or should be) guiding policy. In a policy domain that is driven by risk, it's simply reckless to be led by 95% CI.
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@stevewilcox6375
15 hours ago
great. thanks for this. I wish more internet content was as balanced and well done.
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@MrBrelindm
14 hours ago
When I was a young child, we played outdoors all summer long. Now you can't even endure more than twenty minutes outdoors without retreating to an air conditioned interior somewhere (like a dollar store for those of us without AC).
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@elemaioh
11 hours ago
I think it's super interesting that there's an identifiable shift in 2015 - which is the same rough period the recent paper about SMOC salinity noticed an abrupt change. Perhaps these connected systems are connected?
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@thurstonhowellthetwelf3220
10 hours ago
Guess lower albido and up kick in earth energy inbalance explains accelerion in temp.
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@KassandraResetlies-hn7ij
1 hour ago
If co2 doubled the planet would enjoy more life… more plants and animals. How do we know? Over Earth history co2 was multiples of current levels and the planet was a beautiful green garden with greater biodiversity and biomass. co2 increased at rates faster than current increases and life flourished. co2 good. Warming good. Ice ages like the one we are in now always results in less life. Warm is normal while ice ages are comparatively unusual in earth history. Definition of an ice age: when any glacier on the planet remains one year to the next. If Greenland is green and Antartica is covered by a temperate forest you know we are no longer in an ice age. Warming happens disproportionately at the poles. The equator stays the same temperature while the polar regions warm by 60*F or more. Deserts turn into gardens. Life is good. Save the planet, go for a drive.
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@invalid_unique_handle
28 minutes ago
I am humanities complete lack of surprise
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@FrankSears-i2c
15 hours ago
Conclusion: WE’RE SCREWED!!!
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@Youbetternowatchthis
5 hours ago
For those getting really annoyed with the blinking black line here is a "fix"
Scroll down the page a few pixels until the top of the video is hidden. Now you can watch 98.5% of the video in peace.
I name this method the 1.5% target.
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@adamsaunders3413
14 hours ago
I dunno but its bloody hot this summer
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@ronheinrich3954
22 minutes ago
Just finished watching Jordon Peterson interviewing Dr. Lindzen blows your facts out of the water about time we followed the science not the consensus
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@reverands571
13 hours ago
Let me know, please, when plants grow according to 10 year and 20 year averages. Until then, we'd better be prepared for crop shortages and famine (at least in some parts of the World).
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@jimmorelli2478
9 hours ago
Really nice, elegant explanation of some complicated concepts. Thank you. The conclusion is both sobering and horrifying.
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Just Have a Think
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1 reply
@oldskoolsurvivor
3 hours ago
Thanks so much for the videos <3
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@TheTanman412
14 hours ago (edited)
The best way to convince a climate-denialist to adopt EVs, Solar, & Battery is to talk to them about Co$t savings, Independence, Resilience, & Strength. Also Speed- how most EVs are faster than a Sports Car 0-30mph. If you avoid the climate subject all together, and instead focus on first hand data of cost savings, they will be 10x more likely to make the necessary changes in their life.
Think about it, who has adopted the most Solar/Batteries as of late? Saudi Arabia, Texas, China, Florida, even some MAGA- you think they’re doing it for climate? No, they’re saving money and adding a staggering amount of energy to their grids in less than a week, while any alternative would take decades & 50x the price
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@VineStreetReport
16 hours ago
Consider a comparison to: Hansen, J., & Kharecha, P. (2025, August 6). Seeing the forest for the trees. Columbia University.
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@Chris-fn9fh
13 hours ago
Self-interest will be humanity’s downfall.
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@redelf1968
13 hours ago
More people will die from freezing this year than those that die from the heat. The heat is good, more food, less deaths, more outdoor activity.
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@MrCoophi
28 minutes ago
What happened to MethaneSat?
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@HTub-bo2yl
15 hours ago
Wind and solar are important for controlling our energy bills and bridging to a future we have yet to create
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@stevengill1736
6 hours ago
Oh, heading into ENSO neutral again are we? Let's hope it lasts....
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@olivierroy1301
14 hours ago
Why do we never hear about asphalt converting all the light energy into heat?
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2 replies
@frankvanderpoll432
16 hours ago
I love you for the work you do and the way you bring it out. Much needed, these days more than ever. A versatile and creative contribution to the discussion, like a breath of fresh air. Thank you!
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@marijkevissers8023
4 hours ago
Too sad😢 for a human, we must change our lifestyle😮❤
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@8754sspy
15 hours ago
Things are going to get very dicey in the next decade, even with geoengineering but it's not just AGW - population pressure, biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, massive shifts in abiotic Earth systems (i.e., AMOC slowdown/collapse), and the effects of all this on already strained human social/economic/structural systems will continue to accelerate and worsen.
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@firstnamelastname9918
12 hours ago
Why is the upper sliver of your video blinking? I'm finding it very painful to see for some reason, sort-of like that old Atari 2600 pac-man game.
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@AnJean3tte
2 hours ago
Thank you
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@ryanfranz6715
9 hours ago
Here’s a data point: we’re reenacting the P-T extinction, which killed more life than the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs, but we’re literally doing it 10,000 times faster and still accelerating into it.
But yeah, who knows, maybe that line is gonna wiggle back down for a few years. Hope our grandkids like salted jellyfish and slime mold on a 120 degreeF mid fall afternoon, on a beach 50M above current sea level.
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@tunneloflight
12 hours ago
Applying statistical techniques to the historical data => staring in the rearview mirror to figure out where you are going. Useful. Right up until you drive off a cliff, slam into a wall, plunge into the ocean ....
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@danburnes722
5 hours ago
Our old, overweight, dear leader has got his fat foot on the accelerator to the floor, wanting to heat up the earth as a necessary consequence for making his billionaire oligarchs a bit richer.
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@russmarkham2197
12 hours ago (edited)
The upward temperature trend is obvious just by eyeballing the annual data since 2010. It is at least 0.3 C per decade, probably 0.4 C now as this research shows. So we are already past 1.5 C and not going back. A paper came out predicting 3 C by 2050 if GDP continues to grow. However, I think the collapse of civilization this century, first predicted in 1972, will happen before 2050.
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@katesisco
14 hours ago
Well, we do have evidence of underground living in many ancient sites. So, why was it so hot? An accumulation of solar ions in the ionosphere? A cosmic visitor we have never met? Any guesses?
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@timothynelson6918
10 hours ago
Where I live in west Virginia it has been a noticeably cooler year. barely any 90° degree days. Would be surprised if they say this continues the streak of hottest year ever like the last 15 years or so.
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@JamesWHurst
13 hours ago
Thank you.
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@MelvynRutter-q7s
1 hour ago
Ha ha ha ha, is it April the 1st, all fools day. great wheeeze, thanks for the laugh
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@Drahko12
11 hours ago
We are so cooked literally 😭
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@GhostOnTheHalfShell
10 hours ago
I don’t know. I’ve learned a few things about statistical analysis that doesn’t necessarily make me think that the things are doing offhand are meaningful. There is a lot of badly taught statistics out there even an academia. They don’t have enough knowledge nailed in my head to say one thing or another for certain, but I’ve also learned to be a lot more circumspect.
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@lawrencetaylor4101
16 hours ago
Time to invite Jim Massa to explain Deep Ocean Heat.
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@Plyspomitox
13 hours ago
Thank you for this insight from inside the climate science.
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@step2henskiski
12 hours ago
Hi Dave, don’t know why but your video is blinking along the top edge.
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@definitelynotadam
2 hours ago
The boiling frog, something...
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@tomduke1297
16 hours ago
well, im not a scientist, but even i could continue the line of a graph for another 50 years and see that we are pretty screwed if we dont change anything. that was 10 years ago and so far, that graph is spot on... and we havent changed anything yet, so acording to my graph the next decade should get somewhat uncomfortable, the next one pretty bad and the one after that is probably the last one for the world as we know it today. a lot is going to change if we dont.(change)
i am kinda curious which will come first, the unending famine, the water wars or the massmigration from the unliveable equatorial regions. i am taking bets if anyone wants in.
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1 reply
@VOLightPortal
15 hours ago
Venus here we come! By 2200 AD expect the surface of our planet to be a global average of 500 deg C.
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@Jemmerde
14 hours ago
Time to pack things up. It's all over!
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@NakorTheBlueRider
13 hours ago
That humans have created their own misery and likely end is stupid of course, especially since we knew better in all of these topics.
But what we have intentionally done to all the other species as a result, is unforgivable.
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@wrigdo
2 hours ago
And the elephant in the room .......36 degree wet bulb. A climatic condition incompatible with human life.
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@GhostOnTheHalfShell
10 hours ago
Good to see you giving a shout out to potholer54. He is to use an old phrase, the bees knees.
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@DanielEarlester
2 hours ago
There is flickering at the top of your video for me.
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@jackgaines5615
13 hours ago
$49.99
Thanks!
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@Dexterroberson
16 hours ago
$1.99
Thanks!
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@TimFrench-tx1xj
9 hours ago
Excellent
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@Hadenought65
15 hours ago
Thanks
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@thunderstorm6630
14 hours ago
well climate sensitivity seems to be at 4,5°C and not at 2, so IPCC was wrong about disgarding the hot house earth models
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@Jcewazhere
15 hours ago
Yay Peter Hadfield shoutout.
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@mahadevankalyanraman1909
16 hours ago (edited)
thanks ffor the balanced views - I'm very skeptical of not breaching the 1.5 C mark in 2026 given the wildfres and heatwaves this year
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@REDTEDddd
11 hours ago
How does a elnino cause a warming all over and a lanina causes a cooling all over? I believed it was one on one side of the Pacific and the opposite on the other side of the Pacific AT THE SAME TIME? ??????
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@phrozenwun
15 hours ago
Greatly appreciate your well considered review - people with "opinions" can just walk on, IMNSHO 😜 Thank you for sharing!
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@OneLine122
15 hours ago
No reason for it obviously. It's not like theory should fit the data.
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@martyschrader
13 hours ago
Figures. Not that any person in a position of power will do anything...
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@KassandraResetlies-hn7ij
1 hour ago
There have been many epochs. Snowball earth to Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum. If Greenland is green and Antartica is covered by a temperate forest you know we are no longer in an ice age. In the past there have been times when co2 has risen much faster than current increases. Super volcanic periods being one example. In every instance warmer global temperatures even a lot warmer, 20 degrees F warmer is good for life while as little as 2 degrees F cooler is detrimental. Yes go for a drive it’s good for the planet.
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@BluestoneGargoyle
12 hours ago
So...investing in cooling layers of clothing seems like a good idea..... Sigh. Thanks for letting me get to understand enough to see just how badly things seem to be going.
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@peterbaxter8151
13 hours ago
It would interest me if you found some scientific research into the effects of the current increase in volcanic activity caused around the ring of fire by the recent quake near Russia.
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@Cliffordclown
12 hours ago
Thank god I live in Ireland, we're in the perfect location
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@georgeorwell7291
17 hours ago
So can we now accetot that we should rather learn to cope with this? Or do you suggest we now all stop breathing?
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@MrDerooderoo
4 hours ago
1.5 breached by 2026. Imagine the 2030s and the 2040s. Buckle in!
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@richardwilliams7054
13 hours ago
All over only two years from here, which conclusion of mine is entirely unscientificly derived, Yet I'm no scientific skeptic, in fact, its simply my sense from living and working outside for most of my seventy years. The sense, ad eell the data, is entirely visceral, even though I've followed the scientific literature very closely-an avid lay reader, since even before my adult years, still, I can tell. Mostly- and unsuccessfully- I've tried to convey my precautionary sense to other's of the scale and rapidity of the engulfing change but cassandra's bemused detractors' scepticism always grows apace with the urgency of the warnings. There are enough horror to witness already, two hundred climate refugees-in transit to where? The greatest horror, as Issac Singer earned, is not the physical threats to come but the guilt to bear.
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@baloofilmschannel
14 hours ago
Potholer54 is superb!
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@QT5656
15 hours ago
Thanks for all your hard work and Potholer54 is a legend!
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@anamariacarvalho6738
13 hours ago
Thanjs
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@krakhedd
11 hours ago (edited)
I think we should have been pursuing nuclear energy all along, and our "original sin" is already committed; we can't go back 40 years and re-do it. We are stuck here, now, with a future that's coming whether we like it or not
I think next-gen nuclear energy is still the answer for the short and long terms; the more of it we build, the more hydrocarbon plants we retire, the cleaner our planet becomes and the less greenhouse effect. Also, nuclear energy is extraordinarily inexpensive and "capital-dense", so, it makes sequestration and other energy-intense climate remediation strategies viable, as well as carries natural market advantages to electrification
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@SylwesterGasiorowski-f7l
16 hours ago
We have went through point of no return in 2015 ... from now its only going to be a freefall downhill 🕺
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@georgesos
1 hour ago
11august 25 ,Athens Greece, 38-40oC for the last 3 weeks and with predictions for higher temps for the last 15 days of August.
normally, we d have high temps and hear waves but they never use to last more than a couple of days.
Next year I predict 40-44 degrees for more than 2 months during summer.
Our climate has turned into Egyptian/North African climate, and agriculture is having big problems, as does water management ( which our neoliberalism right wing government wants to privatize .).
we are f'd big time ,with no hope for returning to past conditions.
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@bocckoka
1 hour ago
Potholer sounded like the name of a reputable scientist, like Prof Stefan Heinrich Potholer.
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@marshalepage5330
12 hours ago
This is what I asked AI: will humanity survive the increase in global warming caused by AI
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@psymongo
16 hours ago
Can we get a video that looks at population expansion in relation to co2 and methane output? Sure we have increased impact from technological activities, but how much of those greenhouse gases come directly from us? Thanks 😊
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@matthewdolan5831
14 hours ago
Depends who you were asking... for example Prof McPherson has been explaining this for years.
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@garywhite5439
8 hours ago
To the terminally deluded. Your “ sweet young things” are NOT going to be able to stop this. They have no idea! Wake up NOW!
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@kronosaurelius
17 hours ago
Can't we use Bayesian technique to calculate the trend at every instant in time.
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@timchristie1601
12 hours ago
great job as always and thanks,
--tc
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@faloo0
11 hours ago
Shocking
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@milzeaze
12 hours ago
Grateful to you for doing the heavy lifting...
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@mattgilbert7347
16 hours ago
We're doomed.
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@7sonderling
1 hour ago
the surface amospheric temperature rise is a joke compared to the oceans warming and the thermal energy contained within. we will never get rid of that again. we are doomed anyway, no matter what we do. thats a bit frustrating.
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@Bookhermit
7 hours ago
Still not nearly fast enough...
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@garywhite5439
8 hours ago
Cooked and over baked, because of the greedily terminally deluded!
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@joemccarthy7120
15 hours ago
So, the earth is warming twice as fast as we once thought, and every place is warming at twice the rate of everywhere else. Whew! This is getting complicated.
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@stulop
12 hours ago
How can we provide science that the average person will understand and accept, along with anecdotal evidence supporting it. We keep screaming but the average person doesn't hear.
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@LilyWasHereMB
15 hours ago
If volcanic activity, solar radiation and wind (jet stream patterns) are removed, what is left? Oh, I get it now, cow farts. It's always the cows.
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@Kevin_Street
12 hours ago
It seems YouTube is back to deleting my comments again, something that I thought was over. My original comment here discussed the conclusions of your video in some detail, but it's gone.
So I'll just say thank you for going through all that statistical detail for this video, Dave. The conclusions are clear, if scary. Doesn't seem like we can stop 1.5 C warming, but maybe we can keep from going over some of those tipping points.
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@peetsnort
2 hours ago
Headline saying twice is misleading.
A few degrees is not twice.
How about winters getting a few degrees colder
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@simonrobson9579
4 hours ago
Climate tax
It occurred to me that a climate tax should be directed at reducing human behaviors that contribute to global climate change.
This tax can also fund a negative tax (subsidies) that encourage mitigating climate changing human activity.
All this brings in question how should such a tax achieve those goals.
It is my thoughts that such a tax should be progressive and be directed at all aspects of the business chain . That is production..consumption and inaction.
What im suggesting are taxed addressing:
Utility consumption per capita
Real estate per capita
Wealth per capita
General consumption per capita
Savings per capita
In this way a family of three will pay more if they live in a 3000 feet house. Than if they were five members under that roof.
A man will pay more on his electrical bill if he is using more electricity per household member..
And so forth.
A person will pay a larger share of vat if he consumes more per family member.
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@guapochino140
12 hours ago
It's OK, I did my own research and we're going to be fine. I'm glad that was my conclusion because otherwise I don't think I have the intellectual capacity to think about what might happen to my daily life and to society in general.
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@arvy666
5 hours ago
I'm sorry... are we back to the discussion as to whether climate change is real or not?
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@GhostOnTheHalfShell
10 hours ago
Yeah, with that 95% interval is not necessarily hard, and that some kind of a perfunctory number that you just tried out your flexibly, but a certain circumstances that it doesn’t make any sense to talk about that
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@bulls_hit
22 minutes ago
Ok we exceed the 1.5 degree limit and the earth, mankind and agriculture is flourishing more than ever before? What ist the point?
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@mh-NutMeg
4 hours ago
Take a look at Hansen’s new paper, Forest for the Trees. Aug 2025. He looks at paleoclimate data, current observations, and aerosol feedback, and what will/is happening with cloud data, amongst other aspects.It’s not a pretty picture. It’s +4.8C (-/+) by end year of this century.
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@andtheycallhimdamned
16 hours ago
Use CO2 ppm data up to year 2000, then figure out how much power you'll need to get 428 ppm CO2 for 2025.
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@richarde.t.sadowski2208
16 hours ago
Thank you so much Dave, your videos are awesome, and shared with our California College Corps 'Fellows' at the Cal Poly San Luis Obispo University; your work is apprieciated by many....richard
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@Devilboy689yoblived
15 hours ago
The dark star (Nemesis) is getting nearer. Our sun has to seek equilibrium from the gravity of its binary twin/the dark star, that is why it is getting warmer. The same thing happened 13000 years ago. That is why we must advance ai so we can build a planetary shield before it is too late. We will cook to death!
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@TomCrockett-bl1gp
12 hours ago
Also the sun is currently at solar maximum.
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@halorail
15 hours ago
Thanks ,
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@Rene-uz3eb
13 hours ago
Yes that's how the other dorks should have done it. Good work. So given the authors preeminence, this should be enough to alarm everyone sufficiently as to Paris agreement having failed and that extraordinary measures are now justified.
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@pandreis1452
9 hours ago (edited)
Wow, isn’t it a good thing Trump said we’re going to drill baby drill? Truly the end of the American dream. And everyone else’s for that matter while we bake or burn. Thanks, Trump.
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@mrpaul5726
15 hours ago (edited)
Thanks for drawing our attention to the nuances of this delicate subject of what actually is the rate of change. It felt very balanced and pragmatic also avoiding the often ineffective alarmist approach. This report is definitively one to adjust our thinking and it seems also the trajectory of what we thought we were on until now.
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@jessoanemouszao
4 hours ago
so, it seems really bad, if it wasn't before...
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@omoitojoe
15 hours ago
Wow, thanks for this; well presented, most informative - new subscriber, love from the 6iX !!! 🍁 🍁 Bon travail !!!
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@wlhgmk
2 hours ago
Can't wait for the 2025 results to come in.
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@dustinherk8124
17 hours ago
that flicker line at the top of the video makes this very annoying to watch
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@philthyrourke5384
15 hours ago
Down here in south Australia we have 4.5 degrees C and a very dead gulf region , they are WRONG , it's much worse , fact ,,,,!!!
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@ingemar_von_zweigbergk
12 hours ago
no worries
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@lindsaybelderson7735
13 hours ago
It won't all end in 2030, but the 2030s look set to be more horrible than what's already been a dreadful 2020s and will set humanity up for a severe decline as we go into the 2040s
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@johnnyc2764
14 hours ago
"Around 2015"? So youre telling me that within the margin of error this could be tied to Harambe? The thick plottens
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@PaperTowelThe7th-e3j
3 hours ago
12:50 "Which is next year" - those sarcastic comments are a perfect fit in your videos :D
Also, shoutout to potholer54 is much appreciated. His videos are great!
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@LilyWasHereMB
16 hours ago (edited)
"The ENSO system isn't the only phenomenon that can have a significant but short-lived influence on temperature charts" I thought you were going to say Republicans. LOL!
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@johnnytownsend4204
16 hours ago
Lately, whenever I watch a video like yours, YouTube algorithms then suggest half a dozen climate denial videos for me.
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3 replies
@Flumstead
4 hours ago
Are you able to debate with a top level scientist?
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@ChinchillaBONK
7 hours ago (edited)
in the most crucial times of human history whether it's about potential AGI encroaching or cementing/preventing accelerating climate change, we have the most erratic unpredictable wannabe king with an orange toupee in charge.
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4 replies
@J.M.-nb4gw
8 hours ago
This was all very much predicted find top climate scientists over 40 years ago
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@bruce-le-smith
6 hours ago
thank you, clear and fact checkable as always!
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@lifesabeach9451
8 hours ago
Trying to fix the fire problems on a local level isn't going to work. The whole world is in trouble. The wars and the US Department of Defense are the biggest culprits but people who say they're fixing the environment by buying EV's think it's going to make where they live safe.
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1 reply
@stevejohnson2321
14 hours ago
Your calm clarity and skepticism of data and presentation of facts is refreshing
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@dontcare3430
14 hours ago
What does Dr. Mc pherson say?
Nature bats last
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@Contraction1205
9 hours ago
I think I saw this movie...
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@wattyler6075
3 hours ago
And still we build more & bigger airports.
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@fordprefect.betelguese
12 hours ago
No matter what the stats say, you only have to walk. Outside and feel the temperature to see that year on year, most recently its. Getting effing hot.. im 50 and when i was at school 35 years ago we were taught in science lessons that if nothing was done to prevent co2 emissions, by 2025 we would start to see the end pf the world...
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@rgp8038
13 hours ago
Be afraid be very afraid.
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@karlstone6011
3 hours ago
Earth is a big ball of molten rock!
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@SwordQuake2
13 hours ago
Fun 🙃
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@patrickholden9717
7 hours ago
So just tell me when to jump ship.
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@gsestream
16 hours ago (edited)
what is the exponent or scale or percentage of the change relative to earth average. right not significant research.
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@babyhands9287
13 hours ago
Date 'er? I hardly knew 'er!
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@MyKharli
12 hours ago (edited)
As who thought? Its the question unemployed meat packers have known for ages with no pc . I mean just follow the emissions feedbacks and ghg levels , where did people not think this was always going to be worse than the most conservative science straight jacket seen ever . Who cares when were doing nothing for people now with no safe water when we could so so what ?What if was 10x as bad , i drink 10x more . What are we doing , fa or going backwards .
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@derekparent752
15 hours ago
First off, education, training, solid data and competence are not a thing.
Just because a professor was taught by possibly the smartest people to exist in the past 400 years doesn’t make them qualified.
Simply trust a politician who was unable to pass a grade 4 test on how percentages work, who prefers the number 14 more than 21 and has an affinity with extortion and gold.
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@stuartmoir7744
11 hours ago
An exponential trend most likely is caused by another exponential trend. co2 is not on an exponential trend. The reduction in the magnetic field is. There is lots of evidence the earth is heating up from underneath. Look at north central Russia. Look at the Western Mediterranean, look at the ring of fire. co2 would have heat rising the same everywhere while the earth heating up due to the declining magnetic field would result in hot spots like we see. So the next trend change will be another doubling but this trend change will occur sooner than the last time period between trend changes.
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@Alekosssvr
2 hours ago
???. No. Not at all. More like warming about 1/2-1/3 the rate as "we thought" (add as many exclamation marks as you wish. Here: !!!!!!!).
More specifically, initial sensitivity parameter was "estimated" at 4.5 by the IPCC. All climate models tuned their expectations according to that value.
They hilariously overshot future temperatures as we now know.
So the last IPCC reports puts the sensitivity parameter at 1.5-3.0 (with many published estimates based on historical data suggesting 1.6).
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@markgilder9990
15 hours ago
I feel sorry for my grandchildren and future generations. I did my best.
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@bms-xs5zp
11 hours ago
The Earth is greening due to higher CO2, Australia's Great Barrier Reef has regenerated at record rates, crop production has been climbing to new highs. Looks like climate change has been good for us.
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1 reply
@EdT.-xt6yv
5 hours ago
Less h-sapiens?
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@benjaminfisherjr5278
8 hours ago
It's a good thing nationalistic authoritarianism isn't taking hold and we're having these problems head on at the highest levels of societal organization... Or are we just letting the wealthiest amongst us accelerate this dire crisis while dividing the remaining 99% of global population along artificially arbitrary lines
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@MagruderSpoots
11 hours ago
The good news is that it's not.
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@OAN3476
12 hours ago
You got a good 6 years i bet, before you can't turn back.
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@andrewst9797
13 hours ago
...just what the weather gods ordered🌤
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@k.c.sunshine1934
13 hours ago
"Racin' past the heavens
Sailin' to the dawn
Lookin'like a comet
Slicin' to the morn
Scorchin' the horizon
Razin' thro' the land
Stand by for Exciter
Salvation is his task
Stand by for Exciter
Salvation makes the man..."
--- Judas Priest: "Exciter"
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@2887zar
5 hours ago
Pack your shit folks, we're going away
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@germarrudolf1740
10 hours ago
At 0.4°C per year, we reach +4°C from our 2025 elevated level in 2035; +8°C in 2045; +12°C in 2055, +16°C in 2065. It's safe to say that large parts of the ocean will then go anoxic, killing off most marine life, except certain bacteria and algae. Coastal areas will become toxic due to high hydrogen sulfide levels. Antarctica might be the only livable place left before long. With no time to turn ice-eroded rock into arable land, however, there won't be much to eat. It's the Permian-Triassic extinction event all over again, only this time fossil carbon isn't getting burned by mega volcanoes, but by mega human stupidity. And that's under the assumption that warming won't keep accelerating. With Trump and similar fools at the helm, I'm, sure we'll drill baby drill some more, quicker, faster, to reach +25°C by 2075 or so.
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@jaysonsmith4116
14 hours ago
It's a hockey stick (exponential) curve. Anyone who can't see that... DOESN'T want to 🤦♀️ Tell the bleached DEAD coral that it is just "natural" variability.
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1 reply
@TheOtherSteel
11 hours ago
It's the end of the world as we know it
And I'm not fine
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@gavinspiby8304
12 minutes ago
More taxation more tax that should definitely sort it 😃
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@marcdefaoite
14 hours ago
I recently came across an new innovative US-based technique that works around this pesky inconvenient data. Just pretend that they aren't real and fire the people who compile them. Thanks as always Dave for an excellent video (apart from that annoying flashing black line on the top of the screen).
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@everTriumph
15 hours ago
Tell Chump that!
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@pauls3075
4 hours ago
Sounds like were all screwed and its too late to do anything about it. Lets just get on with our lives then. Nature will sort itself out.
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@mikedurham4448
3 hours ago
face-blue-wide-eyes
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@donwhite2247
9 hours ago
Jeez... STOP SAYING WARMING! That's a euphemism with massively positive subliminal associations in english. The planet is HEATING. Warming is a values-laden term. Using that word basically gives away the issue, because the deep-brain response to the positive associations is soothing. Really, look up the synonyms and associations. Words matter, sometimes more than anything else.
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@TheLRider
12 hours ago (edited)
That's why I gave up third year Statistics. It is mind bendingly difficult even for bright cookies. Think on these little facts.
78% of people don't understand %es and Boris Johnson always had difficulty with two dimensional graphs.
On average we're just too dumb for the problems that confront us imo.. Not a good idea to be "not very good at Maths" is it..
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@EdSurridge
17 hours ago
The hotter the planet the more volcanos?
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1 reply
@Nmethyltransferase
15 hours ago
Embrace Peter Hadfield (potholer54) for science, reject him for everything else. Definitely for politics.
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@ynotbegreat
3 hours ago
Yadeda deda. Urban heat island effect.
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@Jacob-ks4mu
15 hours ago
Just have a think is turning doomer, and I friggin love it!
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@IA52342
7 hours ago
From18,000 years ago, sea levels have already risen by - not a few inches - but by 400 FEET. And nobody gave two c-raps. Another foot? I'm crying in my beer! (and I don't even drink beer!) Maximum possible rise from total melting is estimated at 200 feet more - about half what those Mongolian adventurers experienced after coming over the Bering Isthmus (land bridge).
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@johnmullin4175
13 hours ago
I am acting as if climate change is real. Everyone in my liberal neighborhood believes in climate change, but none are acting that way. I have switched to EV, to heat pumps, to LEDs, to solar panels, but so far I am alone here. Maybe people are using LEDs as their incandescents burn out, but that's it.
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1 reply
@bebo2781
14 hours ago
We won’t all be extinct by 2030. But that will most likely be the case between 2040-2050 for sure.
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1 reply
@ians.339
42 minutes ago
Speak to the Clintel scientists.
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@richdiana3663
16 hours ago
Dr Suzuki has joined me in the Doomalist club. There's room for everyone, especially after the human die-off starts in earnest and soon.
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@stephenbrickwood1602
16 hours ago (edited)
We can build rooftop PV and v2g EVs energy supply faster than new grid capacity and new electricity generation.
Forget nuclear in 20years.
Forget distant renewables.
Both are new grid capacity dependent with new EVs and other home and daily business demands going electrical.
The first national electrical grid was built over 14decades and used massive amounts of fossil fueled energy and fossil fueled raw materials to mine and refine.
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@garyclifford5368
14 hours ago
God speed mother nature 😢
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@108farley
6 hours ago
Oh well It was fun a few people made absurd amounts of money so it was all worth it! Right?
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@wiz349
16 hours ago
I think I'll leave a comment
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@ignaciocasodedios3184
10 hours ago
Firstly thank you very much for your excellent programs.
Well , the summary and conclusión . Peer review paper presented .
Is really the same conclusión James Hansen got in his last surveillance , no using model but empirical atmosphere data collected into the Antarctic Ice .in relationship with Paleontology data !!!! .
😮
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@HakWilliams
11 hours ago
Good
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@clean-energiez
59 minutes ago
global-cooling is better for processing
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@travishartman5662
9 hours ago
Yeah I called this a few years ago. The scientists either missed something big or were to afraid to tell us how bad it really is. We're doomed without immediate carbon removal from the atmosphere. Like now
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4 replies
@praprasyo4678
3 hours ago
😢😢🎉 Rip my sole and anothers 🎉😢😢
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@atrociousliar3314
13 hours ago
I deal in statistics and apply whatever analysis I want to achieve the result I am aiming for. I'm sure that.with a degree of lagging and smoothing to a data set of my choosing over a period of time I select whist removing certain outlying data points I can tell you whatever you want.
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1 reply
@francisdebriey3609
13 hours ago (edited)
Let's say a big thank you to Trump and cie
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@michelecaretto5771
3 hours ago
Whats happening to our people,so many ignorant comments.
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1 reply
@stopconsumption2050
15 hours ago
Thanks for producing such great and tragic content.
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@stalinvlad
10 hours ago
Hygiene
Few, if any, professors are scratching a living.
Until now.
Our future is, brutal.
Your only chance?
Story trumps instinct.
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3 replies
@monk3synuts
12 hours ago
Tax it!
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@solarlaura3355
12 hours ago
It's OK. We all die eventually,
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@grahamkearnon6682
16 hours ago
Dave you don't seem so pumped, the humour is missing!
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@MrCaiobrz
17 hours ago
Great video, but I would have liked a tiny little more "consequences" on doubling the warming. It was not on the paper and I reckon that is why it is not mentioned, but it would be great for context. Just grab the recent 0.2C per decade estimates and extrapolate what it would leave us if it was 0.4C. Heck lets be optimistic and see how a 0.3C looks like. But let's face it, damn, 0.4 per decade? so we can get past 2C by 2040. Yay I better get a sabatical now and enjot the world before it burns.
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2 replies
@philiphall8325
15 hours ago
if AI is so clever we should be able to use it to dosomething about climate change. Maybe it is nit that clever
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@NeilCebara
14 hours ago
Net Zero by 1970 !!
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@clydecox2108
10 hours ago
That’s a hard like.
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@franklinfamulski8638
13 hours ago
My property has lots of trees so it's literally like up to ten degrees cooler with a nice e breeze going meanwhile I can feel the hot air coming off the adjacent farm fields al ist one of those bathroom hand driers at this point. So yeah data is good but use basic logic.
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@simonrobson9579
4 hours ago
Not bad
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@-LightningRod-
14 hours ago
YaaaaaHOOOO!!! shout out to Potholer54,...
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@JoeyBlogs007
40 minutes ago
Difficult to have a lot of confidence in the climate scientists, when we constantly hear that the climate is warming much faster than originally thought. We hear this year after year after year. When projections keep shifting toward faster warming, it does shake confidence.
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@PrivatePRIVATE-b3p
3 hours ago
Nah its just the forest fires and war
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@helder4u
1 hour ago (edited)
you are leagues above most supposed technical or science channels - they should advance to Your standards.
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@unclepete100
10 hours ago
.uuuuh, it’s not looking good is it?
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@danguee1
5 minutes ago (edited)
"Planet earth has been warming at a rate of about 0.2 degrees Celsius since the 1970's". What does that even mean? Is that since the 1970s? Is that per decade? Is that where people live - or mainly just arctic regions? Is that surface temperature, lower troposphere (which is what really counts), include sea temperatures, or sea surface temps (SST's)...? Does that increase lead to fewer deaths from climate (the answer: the data says "Yes!"). Is that just a recent surge - like many up and down in the last 100 years - including the inconvenient drop in global temps from 1998 to 2015 - or is this over a few decades (ie just start to count as "climate")? Please don't just read the Alarmist media and regurgitate - give us some deep dive and context....
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@mechaslugzilla
16 hours ago
We're not all going extinct by 2030? How disappointing.
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@garywhite5439
8 hours ago
HELP,! FUCKING HELP!
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@thec0mmnmann822
7 hours ago
Methane will do us in.
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1 reply
@Techmagus76
16 hours ago
The begin matches quite well with the rise of hydraulic fracking and increase of shale gas production that releases maybe a lot of methane, but that is probably just a unimportant coincidence.
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@michaelchadwick8261
14 minutes ago (edited)
What a load of CRAP!! Book recomendation: "Unsettled: What Climate Science Tells Us, What It Doesn't, and Why It Matters" - Dr. Steven Koonin
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@derekp2215
9 hours ago
Given our inability to forecast tomorrow's weather accurately, I'm not going into a state of fear because 'experts say.'. Maybe if the ptb switch off HAARP, stop geoengineering the skies and stop dropping uranium into theatres of war, things would improve. I don't buy CO2 as the problem at all - also known as the gas of life. We act as if climate has always been stable and now it's all our fault it's changed. It has always changed - the mediaeval warm period is a perfect example of this.
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3 replies
@davidmartin4795
14 hours ago
Sure not an ELE some will survive.
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@andrewgraham8561
13 hours ago (edited)
Not according to the Trump administration
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@Darrenn-f4z
9 hours ago
Trump in 2035 after it's too late I made a mistake sorry.
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@danielcollison8579
14 hours ago
It's getting a bit more grim. My understanding is that the amount of CO2 already in the atmosphere will gradually keep warming even without any additional CO2. We don't know what this accelerating trend will do, will it keep on accelerating, should I cut down all the trees around my house, etc.? Are we doomed? What is probably doomed is the comfortable existence that we've known so far in our lives.
The humidity level here in Gatineau Quebec is so high now that I need to use a dehumidifier to help my air conditioning. And even that does not prevent the air conditioner from falling behind, at around 4 PM. At this point, all the cold seems to stay in the basement, etc.
None of our infrastructure is built for these heat levels. Anything above 32 C seems to create air conditioner non-stop mode. NEED MORE SHADE......
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@enjoyyoursleep1
12 hours ago
The most powerful weapon ever created by humanity or rather sculpted, is fear.
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1 reply
@tuberroot1112
2 hours ago (edited)
What most people, even many climatologists, do not understand is that El Nino is a global cooling event. While it is often associated with "global warming" as measured by "average" surface temperatures, what it really represents is heat stored in ocean surface waters being transfered to the atmosphere by natural weather processes. This thermal energy is now on its way to space. It is part of the natural exodus in the energy budget of the planet. Also since water has a heat capacity many time that of air, the air temperature increase is much greater than the drop in ocean surface temperature. So a transfer of heat from ocean to atmosphere, itself a neutral event in energy terms, appears as a warming event if you are naively ( and unscientifically) "averaging" temperatures.
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@Wolliskuhnene
17 hours ago
Keep up the good work! Your videos are always a pleasant discovery for the viewers.🍮⛹️⚾️
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@LiamRedmill
12 hours ago
This was a great balance up of natural variation and more catoclismic excelleration of chemical destruction/weakening of life as an symbiotic system between ocean ,land and air"by man technology/pollution .nature is the geoengineer,hopefully space lazer's,radar,high frequency chemical's at high altitude don't have anything to do with it or ozone hole magnofier's,all hazy edged
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@ugiswrong
13 hours ago
Air conditioning you guys, buy it
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@JamesWanders
15 hours ago
I still love how "rigourous 95% confidence interval" is literally just a fancy way of saying "didn't get a nat-1"
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1 reply
@thomasmaughan4798
15 hours ago
"Our planet is warming TWICE as fast as we thought!"
There is no WE.
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@Gazr965
15 hours ago
A farmer said he can't rely on the seasons these days, ''it's all cocked up'' he said.
Gaz Yorkshire.
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@Jimraynor45
9 hours ago
In the first minute, you mentioned that someone said the temperature has spiked dramatically in the last 18 months. I stopped watching after since i found that whole statement dumb, and it was destroying my mind. First off, how the devil does that make any sense? The world is a big place, and there were seasons. 18 months isn't even two full years. How could enough data be gathered? 18 months is not even enough time to study climate. You seem to be forgetting elementary facts, such as the climate is the study of weather over a "long" period of time. In climatology, as you should know, the minimum timeframe they use to study climate is 30 years. Why is that you think?! Because it changes very slowly and to avoid letting outliers cloud your judgment or skew your data.
For example, the city of Las Vegas might have its hottest day on record tomorrow for the last 5 years. Does that mean we should panic? No, because a real climatologist would probably know how complex, dynamic, and chaotic the weather can be. Thus, you need to study a long period of time to correct the noise.
It really seems possible you were foolish enough to confuse weather for climate, and worst off, you are spreading this nonsense to others.
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1 reply
@NickDonnetelli
7 hours ago
You can spin whether global warming is accelerating or not, but the fact is we've passed a drying tipping point. Each year now the area of land becoming arid is = to 2 California's and it's increasing year on year. The result has been dropping water tables as water gets pumped out of aquifers so fast it's raising sea level more than ice melt from glaciers. We've passed a tipping point.
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1 reply
@eeriestmoss5544
14 hours ago (edited)
Hard to doubt the judgement of these trusted figures in climate science. Thanks for the info!
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@larragunn2809
16 hours ago
2030
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@h2m1ify
13 hours ago
💙
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@michaelinzo
15 hours ago
I never experienced a very humid and hot 🔥 at the same time, mostly humid in the cold mornings 🌄 or after rain, etc. But this is unbearable! You need AC open all the time!
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@PaulBrunt
16 hours ago
Your analysis is clear and well supported. I think it could be even stronger if you included potential flaws in the data or addressed the best counterarguments critics might raise. Starting from their position and showing how the evidence still holds up can make the case more convincing and help avoid the perception of bias.
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1 reply
@NapoleonGelignite
15 hours ago
We are toast. We never really had the capacity to stop, nearly but not quite.
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2 replies
@SangoProductions213
3 hours ago
Given that Florida was supposed to be under the ocean, and a desert, and then under the ocean again by 2010, I think we're making good time on whatever catastrophes are supposed to be coming.
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@Maezytoumama
17 hours ago
Thank you very much for your fascinating videos. They always add positivity to my day.🔮🫦🛬
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@JimmyD806
15 hours ago
Venus doesn't even have a "runaway" greenhouse effect. The gas at the surface only has 2.4 times the joules per mole (KE) as the gas near Earth's surface and the planet receives about 2 times the energy. It's hot because the atmosphere (near the surface) is 54 times denser than ours. Now, if the climate alarmists come up with something showing our atmosphere is going to suddenly get 54 times denser, then I might have reason to get worried.
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@adamacote
14 hours ago
FAFO , humans
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@paulhamilton7340
11 hours ago
Unrestrained capitalism is hurling us towards an intolerable and dystopian scenario for large segments of the human population. Fossil fuel combustion is wedded to 'self-expanding value', aka the profit motive compelled through competition to accumulate capital. Climate breakdown is necessarily a result of the specific logic and dynamic of capitalist social relations built on fossil fuel throughputs. Fossil capitalists won't transition to renewables because the rates of profit are meager compared to the enormous profits to be had extracting fossil fuels, and there is far too much capital inertia for the fossil fuel giants to willingly comply, let alone promote, with the stranding of their infrastructure assets. Any of us with a conscience are digging in and fighting for a better future, but it seems bleak especially with the Trump administration at the wheel in the US, and far-right populism spreading globally. Oh well, at least there's mass consumerism to get high on, and the society of the spectacle to be entertained by.
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3 replies
@ravensdotter6843
11 hours ago
Sad to say us americans are going to have to rely on you other countries for climate data, for at least as long as the fascists are in power here.
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@PeterJamieson-h2p
15 hours ago
This is why we will be at 3.0c by 2030…I expect more videos on a steeper graphical representation of the exponential temperature increases.
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@frankbelluccia7126
13 hours ago
But the models... In Roman times grapes grew in north of England.
Will this quackery ever stop?
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1 reply
@michaelross5082
5 hours ago
Just for grins -- has anyone plotted the time-temperature curve of earth's core and mantle recently?
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1 reply
@larrydugan1441
6 hours ago
What I read in the abstract was it was the hottest since 1945.
Additionally it states the the GMST is warming since the 70s which of course is misleading as there was a well documented cooling that caused the scientific declaration that there was a coming ice age.
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4 replies
@thyartreport6301
9 hours ago
Too Funny!
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@dropshot1967
15 hours ago
Increasing engagement stats
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@karpabla
7 hours ago
LOL
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@jasonkelley4057
16 hours ago
"The climate is warming twice as fast as we thought!" Isn't that interesting? Well, I'll be 45 in October and 70 years old in 25 years. So... you youngsters enjoy planet Earth being 6-7°C higher than preindustrial temperatures going into the 22nd century. Good luck! Don't let the heat stroke get ya down! 🫡🖖
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@jacekpiterow900
14 hours ago
Looks like the world is going to get more excited. I need to buy a nice chair and prepare for an awesome reality show.
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@CaptainG-xs3yo
10 hours ago
🙏👍
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@glennllewellyn7369
13 hours ago
Are you saying that the cyclones, hurricanes droughts and floods in the past were not normal?
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2 replies
@bmx13andit52
11 hours ago
Oh noo climate change 😂
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@DSAK55
12 hours ago
Damn!! If we'd only been warned earlier 😡
https://youtu.be/F5hYrWvtTds?si=MbjCRXFiuFmJmMDa&t=14
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@tampatim8232
14 hours ago
It's the Sun. Now, where is my grant money.
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@BBRodriquez22
2 hours ago
I didnt see a link to potholer54, so:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVZiKGjl6RY
He is higly unappreciated youtuber imo.
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@RobertEvans-kr3eq
14 hours ago
Most of the warming on the planet is from the Urban heat effect, the facts are that the Arctic stopped warming 15 years ago. CO2 has little effect on global warming, It has in fact many advantages, It is a plant food and plants have more resistance to disease and drought. Natural cooling and warming has been goung on for centuries. This warming period is no different. A good example of this the period from 1700 - 1739 when temperature rose almost 2 degrees, this was followed by the winter of 1740, which was the coldest winter ever recorded followed by a very cold period lasting many decades. 1900 - 1939 was much the same but less dramatic.
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@nickgardner6340
16 hours ago
Helicopters will freeze out of the sky...!
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@te0nani
16 hours ago
cool :/
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@HankusSpankus
16 hours ago
A new comet 3I / Atlas entering the solar system has some strange characteristics such as a forward facing coma that could be how antimatter water would repel the solar wind as both positive charge . Antimatter stars have been speculated and their “debris” could influence many thermal factors on this solar system .
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@FilibertoCaceres-b4v
2 hours ago
If the cintific know processing oil since 150 years ago around the world wide and the Industrial revolution it has been since 262 years ago around the world wide but the humanity know not the point critical of the mother earth planet study and Investigation for the University of the Amazon Peru Loreto latin America City Iquitos
Reply
@Ukie88
5 hours ago
Of course Tucker is not a scientist just a blabber mouth.
Reply
@tonimanninen5181
16 hours ago
I need to rethink what you think in just have a think. measurements is only have done just about 200 years. If we think proxy measurements there have been many times warmer then today :D
1
Reply
1 reply
@comfortingabsurdity.
15 hours ago
💀
Reply
@8754sspy
15 hours ago (edited)
Things are going to get very warm very fast. There will, as always, be variation, but it will be variation around baseline increasingly rapid acceleration. Geoengineering will be deployed possibly within five years, certainly within ten (in particular by independent actors like China and/or India) which might buy some time, even a decade or more, but without at this time unimaginably massive carbon removal and sequestration measures like stratospheric seeding will only put off and supercharge the inevitable.
Reply
@edwinlipton
7 hours ago
We're ALL GONNA DIE!!! 😮 Thank God for small favors!.
Lord knows LIVING ain't what it's cracked up to be.
Reply
@anonablous
10 hours ago
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28r8R93EGo8 . relevant.
Reply
@JACKnJESUS
11 hours ago
Which means all of the computer models we have been spending trillions based upon...are garbage.
It isn't carbon.
Reply
1 reply
@michaelrecycle9838
6 hours ago
I'm curious how you choose which papers to make videos about?
Reply
@tommyhauck8597
13 hours ago
democrats
Reply
@dr.zoidberg8666
13 hours ago
Greed is the greatest sin of them all -- above & beyond all else, greed leads us all to ruin.
Reply
@tuberroot1112
25 minutes ago
https://youtu.be/o-pZNRN4XAE?t=331 "the 1.5deg limit set out in the 2015 Paris climate accord." NO. The limit was set at 2.0 deg. , with a subsiduary "it would be nice to remain below 1.5". Did you ever even read the Paris accord or are you lying to us? Ignorant or dishonest, it does not look good either way.
Reply
@mburgsey14
4 hours ago
More dodgy data and manipulated modelling from those with a interest in $$$'s.
Try hundreds or thousands of years, rather than the odd year or decade.
However we are seeing quite a lot of weather manipulation going on.
1
Reply
@lnewton3677
2 hours ago
Loving the UK Summers and thinking of getting some Riviera property in Scotland 🎉
Reply
@SoufianeBella
16 hours ago
💚🐪🌴🌍☀️
Reply
@michalewalker8852
13 hours ago
It would be strange if we keep having more and more volcanos on the ring of fire starting to go off which I believe has something to do with the magnetic force protecting earth is getting weaker and other anomaly in the magnetic field,the earth spinning speed anomaly, more larger earthquakes and more often. All this tied into the solar weather and levels of energy coming towards earth. I know that if any of you have never heard any of this it may surprise you . Please know that this is just my thoughts and opinions. If you follow the science and peace together my train of thinking that is if you're picking up what I am putting down then you know the powers that be know what I am thinking . If nature doesn't get us AI mighta and both could be used against everyone, but not the in group... It could be used to control everything without any of us even caring about it. This may have already happened . Without oil products and other contributions to the heating it could all be changed with one major volcano eruption or many other factors. But in all of this I wonder how we have even made it this far compared to all the other animals and creatures of the earth??? I believe there is something or someones at a higher level then even us that has allowed us to play in this reality without burning it to the ground and even if we do have a massive population drop and it bottlenecks again down to only a few hundred thousand as it has before,then I think it is all just a part of much greater universal thing. If this video or any of the informations I have spoken of give you stress please find a good way to de stress that's constructive for you and your ethics. Know I think this information and media is very important to know and see and crys for actions to stop this will never be louder than the crys for power and control just watch the movie for free right now on YouTube called don't look up. And see the art that mimics Life.
Reply
@stephangleiner1333
15 hours ago
the human being is a tribal mammal and very talented for a lot of technical stuff, but, sorry, not for this one. just have a look whats going on in the world!
Reply
@freddiecarr7602
14 hours ago
It snowed last winter here in San Bernardino---enough with this shit
Reply
@johnmaynard869
6 hours ago
🤟😨
Reply
@clippy12332
11 hours ago
I guess it's the cow flatulence and the farmers eah? As opposed to the AI bros with their tera-watt server farms so that we can all have AI slop.
Reply
@bollxbum
14 hours ago
⚠Honestly, We'll be fine. I'm sure if we add a few more wind and solar farms we'll be good.⚠
Reply
@AegeanAzure
16 hours ago
Oh no... anyway I got to take a massive dump 😫
Reply
@brightside1271
3 hours ago
utterly hopeless.
Reply
@tomjacobson7623
11 hours ago (edited)
Shouldn't you be raising your thermostat a little bit and wearing a t-shirt instead of a long sleeved sweatshirt in the month of August?
Reply
@falcorthewonderdog2758
13 hours ago
Repeat a lie often and people accept it as truth.
Reply
@Nanobits
14 hours ago
I do not think its human actions that is making earth warmer, i been tracking volcano activity and it has increase dramatically in the past 600 years, you can look it up, more volcano activity is occurring right now that in the past couple thousand years based on research data. This is not a man made issue, this is an ecological issue, earth natural change process.
Reply
@ShaneSaxson
16 hours ago
So your pissed because the weather is messing with your weather forecast? And all of these horrible variables are all completely natural?
1
Reply
@Cresidanechch
17 hours ago
I watch your channel with pleasure. Your videos are a great combination of entertainment and useful information.💷❤️🍉
Reply
@Zander7.5
14 hours ago
I'd be more concerned with dramatic cooling1 Do the research!!
Reply
1 reply
@vrc1998
16 hours ago
Excellent. You just described how statisticians make their models turn out just as they want…😂
1
Reply
@andrewlawson7495
16 hours ago
Sorry, did I miss this sudden extreme warming? Seems like just usual summer weather. To be accurate in their representations, these charts should be plotted at full scale. Can someone tell me if the urban heat soak effect is being adjusted for?
Reply
1 reply
@poziomy5273
16 hours ago
Well... "Drill baby, drill".
2
Reply
@paulnyssen6448
8 hours ago
GHG trap heat, so the planet is heating up. How fast that is happening is not all that important, as it's a bit like discussing the time I'd arrive in Rome travelling at 78.5 kph or 79.2 kph if I eliminate traffic jams and restroom stops demanded by the kids.
Reply
@George-zi4iz
13 hours ago
Don't believe woke doom and gloom.
Reply
1 reply
@Flavius-Tech
13 hours ago (edited)
Why would the warming climate be bad? I can only see the benefits from warming climate.
Reply
1 reply
@jacobwilson6296
15 hours ago
It's hot. Thank me later.
Reply
@Whiskey61
13 hours ago
No one believes any of this crap anymore. Good job on that.
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@macalister8881
1 hour ago
Lies
Reply
@Freewillnetwork888
5 hours ago
@eattherich1793 speak for yourself. Don't ignore the facts. Put your tin foil hat on and go back to sleep. You can join the ranks of the propagandist posting this video.
Reply
@johnlascelles2916
3 hours ago
Crap
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@tmh3262
3 hours ago
pure shit talk🥱
Reply
1 reply
@Imperator73-g6g
1 hour ago
Will we stil need the gas boiler on in winter in the UK? I'll make a bet. This October, people will run their central heating again.
Reply
@yihchiehseeto225
8 hours ago
😅 folks will adapt, like our ancestors did a few thousand years ago, when the ice age started and their hunting grounds froze over. … as the ice melts, they have exposed hunting trails in the mountains 🏔️ and found artifacts of OTIS and other items preserved by the last ice age.
Reply
@StephenFoster-q6n
16 hours ago
You didn't mention once in a lifetime snow in Australia.
You didn't mention the coldest winter ever in Antarctica 2023.
You didn't mention the quietest start to a hurricane season ever.
You didn't mention the shaded parts of the house are often 1.5 degrees cooler than the unshaded.
1.5 degrees Fahrenheit, which was Al Gore claim years ago, is less than 1 degree Celsius.
Lots more fog to come.
Just have a think.
1
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2 replies
@praprasyo4678
3 hours ago
God's are a playing to us and earth natural too... 🙏😂🙏....▶️ 🙌
Reply
@keithralfs5190
8 hours ago
Why are we concerned about Global warming ? Surely CO2 increase which follows Global warming besides greening our planet will eventually even out and limit global warming - being cyclic over the centuries - our planet is under continual change - Sun pole shift, Earth pole shifts, etc don't seem to be taken into account - Our greatest human effect is excessive consumption and waste
Reply
@troubleabout5137
5 hours ago (edited)
200 years is a small amount of time in the history of Earth don't you think? Very misleading
Reply
1 reply
@georgedavidson7986
13 hours ago
Fake news
Reply
1 reply
@donnamarie3617
9 hours ago
Still waiting for the sea level to rise. Doesn't look catastrophic from here...
Reply
@bobholland9924
8 hours ago
The planet superheating right now has absolutely nothing to do with man. It is the planet it is coming from the core and the Sun.
Reply
2 replies
@jesusisunstoppable4438
9 hours ago
Bs LOL
😊😊😊
Reply
@Oliverahullihenen
17 hours ago
Your channel has become a real source of inspiration for me. Thank you very much for that!🌘🌱♀️
1
Reply
@edwinlipton
6 hours ago
Mabey,, this is a good thing. The more scary propaganda ya throw out,,, the cheaper a gallon of gas might be! Drill baby DRILL! I still ain't seen the whole lower 48 yet and I'm running out of time and money!
Reply
@davesupersquirrel7112
7 hours ago
Science has list credibility.
Reply
@Roguescienceguy
17 hours ago
Now he's saying a volcanoe causes global cooling😂. Sure a little. Just as airpollution. That also causes a significant cooling. The way the global warming is tackled is wrong and/or extremely underfunded.
2
Reply
1 reply
@mjlewi4024
8 hours ago
What was it in 1700
Reply
@TomTreutlein
16 hours ago
No. It's not.
1
Reply
@ronbridegroom8428
14 hours ago
Your just using fear to make money and feel self-righteous
Reply
1 reply
@lts30000
12 hours ago
Get a life you are so wrong
11yrs the polls finish
Reply
@man-xy
14 hours ago
lies
Reply
@Xrp_will_hit_320_dollars
9 hours ago
They are called seasons and cycles
Reply
1 reply
@tconbo4514
17 hours ago
Lies, damn lies and statistics. . .
Reply
2 replies
@J-s4t3i
16 hours ago
As we move into another ice age..it only take a few volcanic eruptions to change things.. and with the Russian earthquake and now the eruption of a 600yr sleeping volcano .. soooo many things we don’t know cause the records we keep are a grain of sand in a desert and not enough time to understand trends that take 100,000 yrs or more
Reply
6 replies
@notesrhymes6568
9 hours ago
No it's not it's snowing in places of Australia that it shouldn't be and the last 12 months has been lower temperatures than ever
Fake rubbish
Reply
1 reply
@wtfisthisp00
17 hours ago
Earth is going into its hot season coming out of a 13000 yr freeze
4
Reply
5 replies
@ekz9412
17 hours ago
Its august. Every year between june and august is warming media season
1
Reply
1 reply
@murraysimmons941
17 hours ago
Hi, Dave. I love your videos. I know it's hard. You should try to keep your videos non-partisan. Otherwise, you will alienate half your audience. myself, I'm in the middle and think pretty much both sides suck.
1
Reply
5 replies
@ralexlu
17 hours ago
polar shift coming
Reply
4 replies
@Robdawgx
13 hours ago
Go watch The Dimming
Reply
@rabka123-m8v
16 hours ago
more alarmist bs
1
Reply
4 replies
@josephblank1535
17 hours ago
B/S
1
Reply
1 reply
@keithhowell4138
15 hours ago
We were supposed to be cooked by year 2000, but we’re still here ,you climate alarmists are full of BS.
Reply
Transcript
0:00
In twenty-twenty-three and twenty-twenty-four the Pacific Ocean circulatory system known as
0:05
ENSO got itself quite firmly established into its so-called El Nino phase, which
0:11
as I’m sure you know, tends to have a warming influence on the climate, as opposed to La Nina,
0:16
which tends to cool the climate. Nothing unusual in that of course, the ENSO system moves from La
0:21
Nina to neutral to El Nino every few years or so and has done for millions of years. This latest El
0:27
Nino phase really put a bit of a turbo boost into planetary warming though, and according to the
0:32
climate scientists it was a strong contributory factor in our ocean and atmospheric temperatures
0:39
spiking dramatically upwards in the last eighteen months. The ENSO system isn’t
0:44
the only phenomenon that can have a significant but sort-lived influence on temperature charts.
0:49
There’s also periodic variability in the influence of the sun - something the scientists call solar
0:56
luminosity- and back down here on earth there’s a lot of volcanic activity of various magnitudes
1:01
which releases sulphur dioxide that transforms into sulphates high up in the atmosphere that
1:07
reflect sunlight back into space and cause a bit of COOLING at the earth’s surface.
1:12
All those things are a completely normal part of the cycles that our planetary and solar systems
1:17
go through over time. The trouble is they have the very undesirable effect of completely skewing
1:23
the decadal trends in global temperatures. So, although the temperature rises in the
1:28
last couple of years are very concerning indeed and generated lots of cataclysmic headlines,
1:33
the uptick that we’ve seen recently can’t scientifically be regarded as
1:38
representative of a long-term trend. But what is the long-term trend? And
1:44
how can we work it out accurately if these meteorological and geological anomalies keep
1:49
coming along to mess up all the numbers? Well, that’s precisely the question that
1:54
has just been tackled by one of the world’s foremost oceanographers in conjunction with
1:59
a highly respected statistician with decades of peer-reviewed research under their belt.
2:06
They’ve used the latest computing tech to crunch through some extremely complicated numbers to take
2:12
out the blips and focus on the real trendline. So, what’s really going on then?
2:23
Hello and welcome to Just Have a Think The data I’m referring to are from
2:28
this research paper, published in March twenty-twenty-five by Stefan Rahmstorf,
2:33
Head of Research Team One at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, and Grant Foster who,
2:40
during his time at Tempo Analytics in Maine, USA, focussed much of his considerable talents on
2:47
global temperature trends and climate variability. Rahmstorf and Foster explain that since
2:52
the nineteen seventies, the mean surface temperature of our planet has been on a
2:57
steady upward trend, rising at an average rate of about zero-point-two degrees Celsius every decade.
3:03
And we’ve got all the blips or fluctuations along the trend line due to the phenomena like
3:08
those I mentioned earlier. When those blips occur, the natural human temptation is to
3:14
regard them as the ‘new normal’ and conclude that the longer-term trend line has changed.
3:19
Which I think is where statisticians start pulling their hair out and screaming that this is NOT how
3:24
proper data analysis works. A good example is a brief period during the early two-thousands when
3:30
warming slowed down – an event now generally known as ‘the pause’. At the time it prompted
3:36
very enthusiastic speculation in the climate sceptic community that global warming had slowed
3:41
or even stopped. But as more data has come in and analysis has been carried out more forensically,
3:48
it turns out that brief period of slow-down was at no point statistically significant.
3:54
It works both ways of course though. It’s equally rash to take a couple of uncharacteristically
3:59
warm years like twenty-twenty-three and twenty-twenty-four and immediately
4:04
extrapolate those data into a new paradigm without applying the same rigorous analysis.
4:11
To use the science-speak employed by Rahmstorf and Foster
4:14
“Recent record-hot years have caused a discussion whether global warming has
4:19
accelerated, but previous analysis found that acceleration has not yet reached a
4:24
ninety-five percent confidence level 4:36 given the natural temperature variability.”
4:30
So, what these two highly experienced climate science veterans set out to do was apply some
4:36
very well tested and widely accepted techniques to the historical data in an
4:40
attempt to reduce or remove the misleading blips – in EITHER direction – in order to
4:46
produce a trend line that better represents long term changes over time. They already
4:50
knew that arguably the three biggest culprits for those data blips were El Niño, volcanism,
4:55
and solar variation, just as I mentioned at the start of the video, so they focussed on
5:00
identifying those signals in the data record. It’s probably worth just clarifying what actually
5:06
constitutes a long-term trend here, but before I do that, if you’re interested in this kind
5:10
of subject matter then you can hugely support me in continuing to produce it every week by
5:15
clicking the subscribe button and selecting all notifications, so you don’t miss any of
5:21
my further videos. Giving us a like doesn’t hurt either by the way, and it would engender
5:25
a feeling of immense gratitude in yours truly! So, here’s the thing about long term trends.
5:31
Although in twenty-twenty-four we DID see average global surface temperatures rise above the dreaded
5:37
one-point-five degree Celsius warming limit set out in the twenty-fifteen Paris Climate Accord,
5:42
and in fact the average across that entire year was one-point-five-FIVE degrees Celsius above the
5:47
eighteen-fifty to nineteen hundred average, that doesn’t mean the world has breached
5:53
the Paris Climate accord target. At least not yet anyway. To do that you need to exceed the
5:58
limit not just for a single year but for the AVERAGE over a TWENTY-year period centred on
6:04
whichever year you’re using as your baseline. Now, there’s apparently a standard statistical
6:10
technique known as ‘Change Point Analysis’ or CPA which detects points in time where the statistical
6:16
properties of a time series change significantly. In the context of planetary warming, it helps
6:22
the number crunchers distinguish between natural variability and underlying structural changes and
6:28
identify when a climate REGIME SHIFT occurs. And specifically, it allows scientists to
6:34
pinpoint the onset of anthropogenic, or human-caused signals in climate records.
6:39
Rahmstorf and Foster based their analysis on five of the best-known global temperature data sets,
6:45
one from NASA and one from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or NOAA,
6:50
a third from an independent nonprofit climate science organization called Berkeley Earth,
6:56
a fourth known as HadCRU, which comes from the UK Met Office Hadley Centre, and a final
7:02
set called ERA5 produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.
7:08
The authors explain that the generally accepted change point analysis performed on those data
7:13
sets until twenty-twenty-three does not find a significant change in warming trend since the
7:18
one that occurred in the 1970s. In other words, it suggests the warming trend of
7:23
zero-point-two degrees Celsius per decade is the trajectory the world is still on.
7:29
So, the pair added the slightly crazy twenty-twenty-FOUR data into that CPA,
7:34
but it still failed to raise the statistical significance of recent warming to the
7:38
ninety-five percent confidence level that rigorous science like this tends to require, although they
7:43
did point out that it exceeded the NINETY percent confidence level in two of the five data sets.
7:49
But those data sets still contained all the short-term blips that we looked at earlier,
7:54
and according to Rahmstorf and Foster it is that short-term natural variability in the data that
8:01
reduces the statistical significance of any trend changes. You really want all those blips out of
8:06
your data set so that the underlying long-term trend becomes more apparent. To achieve THAT
8:12
the pair applied another well- established method to estimate and remove the effects
8:16
of the ENSO system, as well as those peaks and troughs in solar luminosity and known volcanic
8:22
eruptions. And to give you some more science speak from the paper,
8:26
“All three can be quantified by independent measurements and their effect on global
8:32
temperature established by a lagged correlation analysis using monthly data.”
8:39
So…”lagged correlation analysis” then. Well, I looked it up and it is apparently a
8:43
technique used to see how much one thing affects another—but with a time delay. So, for example,
8:48
when a big El Niño event happens, it doesn’t heat up the planet immediately. The temperature might
8:53
rise a month or two later. A LAGGED correlation analysis looks at this delayed effect by shifting
8:59
the timelines to see when the strongest connection occurs between two sets of data.
9:05
They hadn’t finished yet though. The next job was to apply something called a ‘piecewise linear fit’
9:10
across ten-to fifty-one-year trends. So, what does that mean then?
9:15
Well, I looked this one up as well – and by the way – if you’re already a climate scientist or
9:20
statistician and you deal with these techniques in your day job then you might want to skip on
9:24
a minute or so. But for the rest of us, in a climate data context, a piecewise linear
9:30
fit is apparently a way of modelling long-term temperature trends using straight-line segments
9:37
instead of one single line. So instead of fitting one line to all the data, scientists split the
9:42
timeline into sections or "pieces" with each piece getting its own straight line, and those
9:48
lines being connected at the so-called “change points” where the slope of the line shifts.
9:54
Rahmstorf and Foster’s so-called PLF 10 piecewise linear fit indicates that the most recent 10-year
10:00
trend is significantly steeper than any previous, at about zero-point FOUR degrees Celsius per
10:06
decade. They’d found a REGIME SHIFT in the data, which in four of the five data
10:12
sets was centred around twenty-fifteen. The last statistical technique applied by
10:18
our learned friends was something called a LOWESS smooth, which sounds a bit like
10:22
cocktail but is in fact a standard low-pass filter that can illustrate gradual trend
10:28
line changes from the piece-wise lines. Applying that filter revealed that the
10:32
warming trend has been accelerating from a rate of zero-point-one-five
10:35
to zero-point-two degrees Celsius per decade between nineteen eighty and two thousand, to
10:41
more than twice that rate most recently. The authors do accept that their method of
10:47
removing El Niño, volcanism, and solar variations is approximate and therefore not perfect,
10:53
which means it’s possible that something like the effect of El Niño on recent temperature may not
10:58
have been completely eliminated. But even so, even if you disregard twenty-twenty-three and
11:03
twenty-twenty-four ALTOGETHER, there is still a visible acceleration which Rahmstorf and Foster
11:09
say cannot be accounted for by the usual suspects. So, where does that leave us then?
11:16
Well, we’re not all going extinct by twenty-thirty, and no reputable climate
11:21
scientist has ever suggested such a thing, despite wild misinterpretations in the press and on social
11:27
media of scientists attempts to explain just how little time we have left to reduce greenhouse
11:33
gas emissions to levels that would keep global temperatures within safe limits. And by the way,
11:39
on that note I can highly recommend pausing here before I give you the final analysis and jumping
11:45
over to this recent video by the analytical genius that is Potholer54, where he dismantles
11:51
that misinformation and explains with his usual alacrity precisely how and why it came about.
11:58
But just to finish up here. The conclusion of this research is that removing the best estimate
12:03
of the influence of three natural variability factors on global temperature reduces the noise
12:10
level of the data sufficiently to reveal a large and significant acceleration of global warming.
12:16
The most important insight from these adjusted data, say Rahmstorf and Foster,
12:20
is that there is no longer any doubt about a recent increase in the warming rate. The
12:25
world might not continue to warm at such a fast pace, they say, but equally it COULD
12:30
continue accelerating to even FASTER rates. This much is clear though say the paper authors
12:36
If the curve of this new data is continued into the future using the warming rate that has been
12:42
revealed for the last decade, then we WILL have exceeded the one-point-five degrees Celsius limit
12:48
by late twenty-twenty-six. Which is next year.
12:53
I’ve left a link below to the open-source paper so you can scrutinise the detail of the author’s
12:58
methodology for yourself. And as always you can leave your thoughts in the comments section below.
13:05
That’s it for this week though. If you thought this video was factual, balanced and informative
13:11
then please do consider subscribing to the channel and clicking on all notifications
13:16
so that you won’t miss any of my weekly episodes. And you can also join the amazing group of folks
13:21
who support the channel over at patreon dot com forward slash just have a think.
13:26
Most important of all though, thanks very much for watching! Have a great week, and remember
13:33
to just have a think. See you next week. identifier:5452
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host:193.8.40.126
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjiMKk-EzWginclude_comments:None
include_timestamps:1
include_glossary:None
output_language:en
cost:0.006898
*Abstract:*
This video explores Poland's persistent East-West divide, commonly known as "Poland A" (wealthier West) and "Poland B" (less prosperous East), a phenomenon visible in economic metrics and election results. It attributes this split primarily to historical partitions of Poland by the Russian, Prussian, and Habsburg empires from the late 18th century. Post-World War II border shifts and mass population resettlement further solidified this disparity, as the West inherited developed German industrial infrastructure while the East remained agrarian and underdeveloped from decades of Russian imperial neglect. The video details how, despite communist-era attempts at equalization and post-1989 market reforms, economic and cultural gaps persist, with the West being more liberal and industrialized, and the East remaining more traditional and conservative. While EU investments have somewhat improved infrastructure, the fundamental divisions rooted in historical colonial lines continue to shape the country.
*Summarizing Poland's East-West Divide*
* *0:02 The "Poland A" and "Poland B" Divide:* Poland is split into a wealthier, liberal West ("Poland A") and a less prosperous, conservative East ("Poland B"), a division clearly visible in election maps and often referred to as "Vidash Zabori" ("you can see the partitions").
* *1:12 Historical Partitions (1772-1795):* The root cause is traced back to the late 18th century when Poland was partitioned by the Kingdom of Prussia (West/North), the Russian Empire (East), and the Habsburg Empire (Southeast), effectively ceasing to exist as an independent state.
* *1:48 Post-WWI & WWII Border Changes:* After regaining independence in 1918, Poland expanded eastward. However, post-WWII, its borders were redrawn, ceding eastern territories (Kresy borderlands) to the USSR and gaining former German territories in the West (e.g., Wrocław, Gdańsk), establishing a new Western frontier.
* *3:06 Massive Forced Migrations:* This territorial swap involved one of Europe's largest forced migrations, with around 5 million ethnic Germans expelled from the new Polish western territories and 4.8 million Poles (mostly from the annexed eastern regions) resettled in their place.
* *3:34 Economic Disparity Rooted in History:* The West inherited a more developed, industrialized region from Germany, featuring established coal mines, steel works, power plants, and dense rail networks. In contrast, the East remained largely agrarian and underdeveloped due to decades of Russian imperial neglect and post-WWII construction with cheaper materials.
* *4:23 Post-Communist Economic Lag:* Despite attempts at equalization under communism and significant average income growth after 1989's market transition, the East continued to lag. It saw less investment, lower consumer activity, and a less developed banking and credit system compared to the West.
* *5:14 Persistent Income Gaps:* Studies confirm that wealthier regions, especially in the West, became even richer relative to the national average (GDP per capita) between 2004-2016, while poorer eastern regions fell further behind. Eastern regions have significantly lower average salaries and GDP per capita.
* *5:53 Population Decline in the East:* Several poorer rural eastern regions have lost over 10% of their population since 2011, as young people migrate West for better economic opportunities, reinforcing the "two-speed Poland" concept.
* *6:09 Cultural and Political Divide:* The East remains traditional and socially conservative, aligning with the Law and Justice party and the Catholic Church (e.g., "LGBTQ-free zones"). The West, particularly due to post-WWII repopulation leading to weaker community ties, leans more socially liberal with a sharper decline in self-declared Catholics and support for pro-European policies.
* *7:06 Nuances and Erosion (Slightly):* While the divide persists, EU cohesion funds have improved infrastructure like highways and rail, linking the country better. There's also significant variation *within* regions and a growing rural-urban divide, suggesting the East-West split isn't the sole axis of inequality.
* *7:39 Conclusion:* Despite some erosion and emerging new patterns, the historical divisions between Poland's East and West remain clearly evident across economic, political, and cultural fronts.
I used gemini-2.5-flash| input-price: 0.3 output-price: 2.5 max-context-length: 128_000 on rocketrecap dot com to summarize the transcript.
Cost (if I didn't use the free tier): $0.0069
Input tokens: 15185
Output tokens: 937 Abstract:
This video explores Poland's persistent East-West divide, commonly known as "Poland A" (wealthier West) and "Poland B" (less prosperous East), a phenomenon visible in economic metrics and election results. It attributes this split primarily to historical partitions of Poland by the Russian, Prussian, and Habsburg empires from the late 18th century. Post-World War II border shifts and mass population resettlement further solidified this disparity, as the West inherited developed German industrial infrastructure while the East remained agrarian and underdeveloped from decades of Russian imperial neglect. The video details how, despite communist-era attempts at equalization and post-1989 market reforms, economic and cultural gaps persist, with the West being more liberal and industrialized, and the East remaining more traditional and conservative. While EU investments have somewhat improved infrastructure, the fundamental divisions rooted in historical colonial lines continue to shape the country.
Summarizing Poland's East-West Divide
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Fluidigm Polaris Part 2- illuminator and camera
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Fluidigm Polaris part 1 : • Fluidigm Polaris (Part 1) - Biotech g...
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Merch https://mikeselectricstuff.creator-sp...
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40 Comments
@robertwatsonbath
6 hours ago
Thanks Mike. Ooof! - with the level of bodgery going on around 15:48 I think shame would have made me do a board re spin, out of my own pocket if I had to.
1
Reply
@Muonium1
9 hours ago
The green LED looks different from the others and uses phosphor conversion because of the "green gap" problem where green InGaN emitters suffer efficiency droop at high currents. Phosphide based emitters don't start becoming efficient until around 600nm so also can't be used for high power green emitters. See the paper and plot by Matthias Auf der Maur in his 2015 paper on alloy fluctuations in InGaN as the cause of reduced external quantum efficiency at longer (green) wavelengths.
4
Reply
1 reply
@tafsirnahian669
10 hours ago (edited)
Can this be used as an astrophotography camera?
Reply
mikeselectricstuff
·
1 reply
@mikeselectricstuff
6 hours ago
Yes, but may need a shutter to avoid light during readout
Reply
@2010craggy
11 hours ago
Narrowband filters we use in Astronomy (Astrophotography) are sided- they work best passing light in one direction so I guess the arrows on the filter frames indicate which way round to install them in the filter wheel.
1
Reply
@vitukz
12 hours ago
A mate with Channel @extractions&ire could use it
2
Reply
@RobertGallop
19 hours ago
That LED module says it can go up to 28 amps!!! 21 amps for 100%. You should see what it does at 20 amps!
Reply
@Prophes0r
19 hours ago
I had an "Oh SHIT!" moment when I realized that the weird trapezoidal shape of that light guide was for keystone correction of the light source.
Very clever.
6
Reply
@OneBiOzZ
20 hours ago
given the cost of the CCD you think they could have run another PCB for it
9
Reply
@tekvax01
21 hours ago
$20 thousand dollars per minute of run time!
1
Reply
@tekvax01
22 hours ago
"We spared no expense!" John Hammond Jurassic Park.
*(that's why this thing costs the same as a 50-seat Greyhound Bus coach!)
Reply
@florianf4257
22 hours ago
The smearing on the image could be due to the fact that you don't use a shutter, so you see brighter stripes under bright areas of the image as you still iluminate these pixels while the sensor data ist shifted out towards the top. I experienced this effect back at university with a LN-Cooled CCD for Spectroscopy. The stripes disapeared as soon as you used the shutter instead of disabling it in the open position (but fokussing at 100ms integration time and continuous readout with a focal plane shutter isn't much fun).
12
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mikeselectricstuff
·
1 reply
@mikeselectricstuff
12 hours ago
I didn't think of that, but makes sense
2
Reply
@douro20
22 hours ago (edited)
The red LED reminds me of one from Roithner Lasertechnik. I have a Symbol 2D scanner which uses two very bright LEDs from that company, one red and one red-orange. The red-orange is behind a lens which focuses it into an extremely narrow beam.
1
Reply
@RicoElectrico
23 hours ago
PFG is Pulse Flush Gate according to the datasheet.
Reply
@dcallan812
23 hours ago
Very interesting. 2x
Reply
@littleboot_
1 day ago
Cool interesting device
Reply
@dav1dbone
1 day ago
I've stripped large projectors, looks similar, wonder if some of those castings are a magnesium alloy?
Reply
@kevywevvy8833
1 day ago
ironic that some of those Phlatlight modules are used in some of the cheapest disco lights.
1
Reply
1 reply
@bill6255
1 day ago
Great vid - gets right into subject in title, its packed with information, wraps up quickly. Should get a YT award! imho
3
Reply
@JAKOB1977
1 day ago (edited)
The whole sensor module incl. a 5 grand 50mpix sensor for 49 £.. highest bid atm
Though also a limited CCD sensor, but for the right buyer its a steal at these relative low sums.
Architecture Full Frame CCD (Square Pixels)
Total Number of Pixels 8304 (H) × 6220 (V) = 51.6 Mp
Number of Effective Pixels 8208 (H) × 6164 (V) = 50.5 Mp
Number of Active Pixels 8176 (H) × 6132 (V) = 50.1 Mp
Pixel Size 6.0 m (H) × 6.0 m (V)
Active Image Size 49.1 mm (H) × 36.8 mm (V)
61.3 mm (Diagonal),
645 1.1x Optical Format
Aspect Ratio 4:3
Horizontal Outputs 4
Saturation Signal 40.3 ke−
Output Sensitivity 31 V/e−
Quantum Efficiency
KAF−50100−CAA
KAF−50100−AAA
KAF−50100−ABA (with Lens)
22%, 22%, 16% (Peak R, G, B)
25%
62%
Read Noise (f = 18 MHz) 12.5 e−
Dark Signal (T = 60°C) 42 pA/cm2
Dark Current Doubling Temperature 5.7°C
Dynamic Range (f = 18 MHz) 70.2 dB
Estimated Linear Dynamic Range
(f = 18 MHz)
69.3 dB
Charge Transfer Efficiency
Horizontal
Vertical
0.999995
0.999999
Blooming Protection
(4 ms Exposure Time)
800X Saturation Exposure
Maximum Date Rate 18 MHz
Package Ceramic PGA
Cover Glass MAR Coated, 2 Sides or
Clear Glass
Features
• TRUESENSE Transparent Gate Electrode
for High Sensitivity
• Ultra-High Resolution
• Board Dynamic Range
• Low Noise Architecture
• Large Active Imaging Area
Applications
• Digitization
• Mapping/Aerial
• Photography
• Scientific
Thx for the tear down Mike, always a joy
Reply
@martinalooksatthings
1 day ago
15:49 that is some great bodging on of caps, they really didn't want to respin that PCB huh
8
Reply
@RhythmGamer
1 day ago
Was depressed today and then a new mike video dropped and now I’m genuinely happy to get my tear down fix
1
Reply
@dine9093
1 day ago (edited)
Did you transfrom into Mr Blobby for a moment there?
2
Reply
@NickNorton
1 day ago
Thanks Mike. Your videos are always interesting.
5
Reply
@KeritechElectronics
1 day ago
Heavy optics indeed... Spare no expense, cost no object. Splendid build quality. The CCD is a thing of beauty!
1
Reply
@YSoreil
1 day ago
The pricing on that sensor is about right, I looked in to these many years ago when they were still in production since it's the only large sensor you could actually buy. Really cool to see one in the wild.
2
Reply
@snik2pl
1 day ago
That leds look like from led projector
Reply
@vincei4252
1 day ago
TDI = Time Domain Integration ?
1
Reply
@wolpumba4099
1 day ago (edited)
Maybe the camera should not be illuminated during readout.
From the datasheet of the sensor (Onsemi): saturation 40300 electrons, read noise 12.5 electrons per pixel @ 18MHz (quite bad). quantum efficiency 62% (if it has micro lenses), frame rate 1 Hz. lateral overflow drain to prevent blooming protects against 800x (factor increases linearly with exposure time) saturation exposure (32e6 electrons per pixel at 4ms exposure time), microlens has +/- 20 degree acceptance angle
i guess it would be good for astrophotography
4
Reply
@txm100
1 day ago (edited)
Babe wake up a new mikeselectricstuff has dropped!
9
Reply
@vincei4252
1 day ago
That looks like a finger-lakes filter wheel, however, for astronomy they'd never use such a large stepper.
1
Reply
@MRooodddvvv
1 day ago
yaaaaay ! more overcomplicated optical stuff !
4
Reply
1 reply
@NoPegs
1 day ago
He lives!
11
Reply
1 reply
Transcript
0:00
so I've stripped all the bits of the
0:01
optical system so basically we've got
0:03
the uh the camera
0:05
itself which is mounted on this uh very
0:09
complex
0:10
adjustment thing which obviously to set
0:13
you the various tilt and uh alignment
0:15
stuff then there's two of these massive
0:18
lenses I've taken one of these apart I
0:20
think there's something like about eight
0:22
or nine Optical elements in here these
0:25
don't seem to do a great deal in terms
0:26
of electr magnification they're obiously
0:28
just about getting the image to where it
0:29
uh where it needs to be just so that
0:33
goes like that then this Optical block I
0:36
originally thought this was made of some
0:37
s crazy heavy material but it's just
0:39
really the sum of all these Optical bits
0:41
are just ridiculously heavy those lenses
0:43
are about 4 kilos each and then there's
0:45
this very heavy very solid um piece that
0:47
goes in the middle and this is so this
0:49
is the filter wheel assembly with a
0:51
hilariously oversized steper
0:53
motor driving this wheel with these very
0:57
large narrow band filters so we've got
1:00
various different shades of uh
1:03
filters there five Al together that
1:06
one's actually just showing up a silver
1:07
that's actually a a red but fairly low
1:10
transmission orangey red blue green
1:15
there's an excess cover on this side so
1:16
the filters can be accessed and changed
1:19
without taking anything else apart even
1:21
this is like ridiculous it's like solid
1:23
aluminium this is just basically a cover
1:25
the actual wavelengths of these are um
1:27
488 525 570 630 and 700 NM not sure what
1:32
the suffix on that perhaps that's the uh
1:34
the width of the spectral line say these
1:37
are very narrow band filters most of
1:39
them are you very little light through
1:41
so it's still very tight narrow band to
1:43
match the um fluoresence of the dies
1:45
they're using in the biochemical process
1:48
and obviously to reject the light that's
1:49
being fired at it from that Illuminator
1:51
box and then there's a there's a second
1:53
one of these lenses then the actual sort
1:55
of samples below that so uh very serious
1:58
amount of very uh chunky heavy Optics
2:01
okay let's take a look at this light
2:02
source made by company Lumen Dynamics
2:04
who are now part of
2:06
excelitas self-contained unit power
2:08
connector USB and this which one of the
2:11
Cable Bundle said was a TTL interface
2:14
USB wasn't used in uh the fluid
2:17
application output here and I think this
2:19
is an input for um light feedback I
2:21
don't if it's regulated or just a measur
2:23
measurement facility and the uh fiber
2:27
assembly
2:29
Square Inlet there and then there's two
2:32
outputs which have uh lens assemblies
2:35
and this small one which goes back into
2:37
that small Port just Loops out of here
2:40
straight back in So on this side we've
2:42
got the electronics which look pretty
2:44
straightforward we've got a bit of power
2:45
supply stuff over here and we've got
2:48
separate drivers for each wavelength now
2:50
interesting this is clearly been very
2:52
specifically made for this application
2:54
you I was half expecting like say some
2:56
generic drivers that could be used for a
2:58
number of different things but actually
3:00
literally specified the exact wavelength
3:02
on the PCB there is provision here for
3:04
385 NM which isn't populated but this is
3:07
clearly been designed very specifically
3:09
so these four drivers look the same but
3:10
then there's two higher power ones for
3:12
575 and
3:14
520 a slightly bigger heat sink on this
3:16
575 section there a p 24 which is
3:20
providing USB interface USB isolator the
3:23
USB interface just presents as a comport
3:26
I did have a quick look but I didn't
3:27
actually get anything sensible um I did
3:29
dump the Pi code out and there's a few
3:31
you a few sort of commands that you
3:32
could see in text but I didn't actually
3:34
manage to get it working properly I
3:36
found some software for related version
3:38
but it didn't seem to want to talk to it
3:39
but um I say that wasn't used for the
3:41
original application it might be quite
3:42
interesting to get try and get the Run
3:44
hours count out of it and the TTL
3:46
interface looks fairly straightforward
3:48
we've got positions for six opto
3:50
isolators but only five five are
3:52
installed so that corresponds with the
3:54
unused thing so I think this hopefully
3:56
should be as simple as just providing a
3:57
ttrl signal for each color to uh enable
4:00
it a big heat sink here which is there I
4:03
think there's like a big S of metal
4:04
plate through the middle of this that
4:05
all the leads are mounted on the other
4:07
side so this is heat sinking it with a
4:09
air flow from a uh just a fan in here
4:13
obviously don't have the air flow
4:14
anywhere near the Optics so conduction
4:17
cool through to this plate that's then
4:18
uh air cooled got some pots which are
4:21
presumably power
4:22
adjustments okay let's take a look at
4:24
the other side which is uh much more
4:27
interesting see we've got some uh very
4:31
uh neatly Twisted cable assemblies there
4:35
a bunch of leads so we've got one here
4:37
475 up here 430 NM 630 575 and 520
4:44
filters and dcro mirrors a quick way to
4:48
see what's white is if we just shine
4:49
some white light through
4:51
here not sure how it is is to see on the
4:54
camera but shining white light we do
4:55
actually get a bit of red a bit of blue
4:57
some yellow here so the obstacle path
5:00
575 it goes sort of here bounces off
5:03
this mirror and goes out the 520 goes
5:07
sort of down here across here and up
5:09
there 630 goes basically straight
5:13
through
5:15
430 goes across there down there along
5:17
there and the 475 goes down here and
5:20
left this is the light sensing thing
5:22
think here there's just a um I think
5:24
there a photo diode or other sensor
5:26
haven't actually taken that off and
5:28
everything's fixed down to this chunk of
5:31
aluminium which acts as the heat
5:32
spreader that then conducts the heat to
5:33
the back side for the heat
5:35
sink and the actual lead packages all
5:38
look fairly similar except for this one
5:41
on the 575 which looks quite a bit more
5:44
substantial big spay
5:46
Terminals and the interface for this
5:48
turned out to be extremely simple it's
5:50
literally a 5V TTL level to enable each
5:54
color doesn't seem to be any tensity
5:56
control but there are some additional
5:58
pins on that connector that weren't used
5:59
in the through time thing so maybe
6:01
there's some extra lines that control
6:02
that I couldn't find any data on this uh
6:05
unit and the um their current product
6:07
range is quite significantly different
6:09
so we've got the uh blue these
6:13
might may well be saturating the camera
6:16
so they might look a bit weird so that's
6:17
the 430
6:18
blue the 575
6:24
yellow uh
6:26
475 light blue
6:29
the uh 520
6:31
green and the uh 630 red now one
6:36
interesting thing I noticed for the
6:39
575 it's actually it's actually using a
6:42
white lead and then filtering it rather
6:44
than using all the other ones are using
6:46
leads which are the fundamental colors
6:47
but uh this is actually doing white and
6:50
it's a combination of this filter and
6:52
the dichroic mirrors that are turning to
6:55
Yellow if we take the filter out and a
6:57
lot of the a lot of the um blue content
7:00
is going this way the red is going
7:02
straight through these two mirrors so
7:05
this is clearly not reflecting much of
7:08
that so we end up with the yellow coming
7:10
out of uh out of there which is a fairly
7:14
light yellow color which you don't
7:16
really see from high intensity leads so
7:19
that's clearly why they've used the
7:20
white to uh do this power consumption of
7:23
the white is pretty high so going up to
7:25
about 2 and 1 half amps on that color
7:27
whereas most of the other colors are
7:28
only drawing half an amp or so at 24
7:30
volts the uh the green is up to about
7:32
1.2 but say this thing is uh much
7:35
brighter and if you actually run all the
7:38
colors at the same time you get a fairly
7:41
reasonable um looking white coming out
7:43
of it and one thing you might just be
7:45
out to notice is there is some sort
7:46
color banding around here that's not
7:49
getting uh everything s completely
7:51
concentric and I think that's where this
7:53
fiber optic thing comes
7:58
in I'll
8:00
get a couple of Fairly accurately shaped
8:04
very sort of uniform color and looking
8:06
at What's um inside here we've basically
8:09
just got this Square Rod so this is
8:12
clearly yeah the lights just bouncing
8:13
off all the all the various sides to um
8:16
get a nice uniform illumination uh this
8:19
back bit looks like it's all potted so
8:21
nothing I really do to get in there I
8:24
think this is fiber so I have come
8:26
across um cables like this which are
8:27
liquid fill but just looking through the
8:30
end of this it's probably a bit hard to
8:31
see it does look like there fiber ends
8:34
going going on there and so there's this
8:36
feedback thing which is just obviously
8:39
compensating for the any light losses
8:41
through here to get an accurate
8:43
representation of uh the light that's
8:45
been launched out of these two
8:47
fibers and you see uh
8:49
these have got this sort of trapezium
8:54
shape light guides again it's like a
8:56
sort of acrylic or glass light guide
9:00
guess projected just to make the right
9:03
rectangular
9:04
shape and look at this Center assembly
9:07
um the light output doesn't uh change
9:10
whether you feed this in or not so it's
9:11
clear not doing any internal Clos Loop
9:14
control obviously there may well be some
9:16
facility for it to do that but it's not
9:17
being used in this
9:19
application and so this output just
9:21
produces a voltage on the uh outle
9:24
connector proportional to the amount of
9:26
light that's present so there's a little
9:28
diffuser in the back there
9:30
and then there's just some kind of uh
9:33
Optical sensor looks like a
9:35
chip looking at the lead it's a very
9:37
small package on the PCB with this lens
9:40
assembly over the top and these look
9:43
like they're actually on a copper
9:44
Metalized PCB for maximum thermal
9:47
performance and yeah it's a very small
9:49
package looks like it's a ceramic
9:51
package and there's a thermister there
9:53
for temperature monitoring this is the
9:56
475 blue one this is the 520 need to
9:59
Green which is uh rather different OB
10:02
it's a much bigger D with lots of bond
10:04
wise but also this looks like it's using
10:05
a phosphor if I shine a blue light at it
10:08
lights up green so this is actually a
10:10
phosphor conversion green lead which
10:12
I've I've come across before they want
10:15
that specific wavelength so they may be
10:17
easier to tune a phosphor than tune the
10:20
um semiconductor material to get the uh
10:23
right right wavelength from the lead
10:24
directly uh red 630 similar size to the
10:28
blue one or does seem to have a uh a
10:31
lens on top of it there is a sort of red
10:33
coloring to
10:35
the die but that doesn't appear to be
10:38
fluorescent as far as I can
10:39
tell and the white one again a little
10:41
bit different sort of much higher
10:43
current
10:46
connectors a makeer name on that
10:48
connector flot light not sure if that's
10:52
the connector or the lead
10:54
itself and obviously with the phosphor
10:56
and I'd imagine that phosphor may well
10:58
be tuned to get the maximum to the uh 5
11:01
cenm and actually this white one looks
11:04
like a St fairly standard product I just
11:06
found it in Mouse made by luminous
11:09
devices in fact actually I think all
11:11
these are based on various luminous
11:13
devices modules and they're you take
11:17
looks like they taking the nearest
11:18
wavelength and then just using these
11:19
filters to clean it up to get a precise
11:22
uh spectral line out of it so quite a
11:25
nice neat and um extreme
11:30
bright light source uh sure I've got any
11:33
particular use for it so I think this
11:35
might end up on
11:36
eBay but uh very pretty to look out and
11:40
without the uh risk of burning your eyes
11:43
out like you do with lasers so I thought
11:45
it would be interesting to try and
11:46
figure out the runtime of this things
11:48
like this we usually keep some sort
11:49
record of runtime cuz leads degrade over
11:51
time I couldn't get any software to work
11:52
through the USB face but then had a
11:54
thought probably going to be writing the
11:55
runtime periodically to the e s prom so
11:58
I just just scope up that and noticed it
12:00
was doing right every 5 minutes so I
12:02
just ran it for a while periodically
12:04
reading the E squ I just held the pick
12:05
in in reset and um put clip over to read
12:07
the square prom and found it was writing
12:10
one location per color every 5 minutes
12:12
so if one color was on it would write
12:14
that location every 5 minutes and just
12:16
increment it by one so after doing a few
12:18
tests with different colors of different
12:19
time periods it looked extremely
12:21
straightforward it's like a four bite
12:22
count for each color looking at the
12:24
original data that was in it all the
12:26
colors apart from Green were reading
12:28
zero and the green was reading four
12:30
indicating a total 20 minutes run time
12:32
ever if it was turned on run for a short
12:34
time then turned off that might not have
12:36
been counted but even so indicates this
12:37
thing wasn't used a great deal the whole
12:40
s process of doing a run can be several
12:42
hours but it'll only be doing probably
12:43
the Imaging at the end of that so you
12:46
wouldn't expect to be running for a long
12:47
time but say a single color for 20
12:50
minutes over its whole lifetime does
12:52
seem a little bit on the low side okay
12:55
let's look at the camera un fortunately
12:57
I managed to not record any sound when I
12:58
did this it's also a couple of months
13:00
ago so there's going to be a few details
13:02
that I've forgotten so I'm just going to
13:04
dub this over the original footage so um
13:07
take the lid off see this massive great
13:10
heat sink so this is a pel cool camera
13:12
we've got this blower fan producing a
13:14
fair amount of air flow through
13:16
it the connector here there's the ccds
13:19
mounted on the board on the
13:24
right this unplugs so we've got a bit of
13:27
power supply stuff on here
13:29
USB interface I think that's the Cyprus
13:32
microcontroller High speeded USB
13:34
interface there's a zyink spon fpga some
13:40
RAM and there's a couple of ATD
13:42
converters can't quite read what those
13:45
those are but anal
13:47
devices um little bit of bodgery around
13:51
here extra decoupling obviously they
13:53
have having some noise issues this is
13:55
around the ram chip quite a lot of extra
13:57
capacitors been added there
13:59
uh there's a couple of amplifiers prior
14:01
to the HD converter buffers or Andor
14:05
amplifiers taking the CCD
14:08
signal um bit more power spy stuff here
14:11
this is probably all to do with
14:12
generating the various CCD bias voltages
14:14
they uh need quite a lot of exotic
14:18
voltages next board down is just a
14:20
shield and an interconnect
14:24
boardly shielding the power supply stuff
14:26
from some the more sensitive an log
14:28
stuff
14:31
and this is the bottom board which is
14:32
just all power supply
14:34
stuff as you can see tons of capacitors
14:37
or Transformer in
14:42
there and this is the CCD which is a uh
14:47
very impressive thing this is a kf50 100
14:50
originally by true sense then codec
14:53
there ON
14:54
Semiconductor it's 50 megapixels uh the
14:58
only price I could find was this one
15:00
5,000 bucks and the architecture you can
15:03
see there actually two separate halves
15:04
which explains the Dual AZ converters
15:06
and two amplifiers it's literally split
15:08
down the middle and duplicated so it's
15:10
outputting two streams in parallel just
15:13
to keep the bandwidth sensible and it's
15:15
got this amazing um diffraction effects
15:18
it's got micro lenses over the pixel so
15:20
there's there's a bit more Optics going
15:22
on than on a normal
15:25
sensor few more bodges on the CCD board
15:28
including this wire which isn't really
15:29
tacked down very well which is a bit uh
15:32
bit of a mess quite a few bits around
15:34
this board where they've uh tacked
15:36
various bits on which is not super
15:38
impressive looks like CCD drivers on the
15:40
left with those 3 ohm um damping
15:43
resistors on the
15:47
output get a few more little bodges
15:50
around here some of
15:52
the and there's this separator the
15:54
silica gel to keep the moisture down but
15:56
there's this separator that actually
15:58
appears to be cut from piece of
15:59
antistatic
16:04
bag and this sort of thermal block on
16:06
top of this stack of three pel Cola
16:12
modules so as with any Stacks they get
16:16
um larger as they go back towards the
16:18
heat sink because each P's got to not
16:20
only take the heat from the previous but
16:21
also the waste heat which is quite
16:27
significant you see a little temperature
16:29
sensor here that copper block which
16:32
makes contact with the back of the
16:37
CCD and this's the back of the
16:40
pelas this then contacts the heat sink
16:44
on the uh rear there a few thermal pads
16:46
as well for some of the other power
16:47
components on this
16:51
PCB okay I've connected this uh camera
16:54
up I found some drivers on the disc that
16:56
seem to work under Windows 7 couldn't
16:58
get to install under Windows 11 though
17:01
um in the absence of any sort of lens or
17:03
being bothered to the proper amount I've
17:04
just put some f over it and put a little
17:06
pin in there to make a pinhole lens and
17:08
software gives a few options I'm not
17:11
entirely sure what all these are there's
17:12
obviously a clock frequency 22 MHz low
17:15
gain and with PFG no idea what that is
17:19
something something game programmable
17:20
Something game perhaps ver exposure
17:23
types I think focus is just like a
17:25
continuous grab until you tell it to
17:27
stop not entirely sure all these options
17:30
are obviously exposure time uh triggers
17:33
there ex external hardware trigger inut
17:35
you just trigger using a um thing on
17:37
screen so the resolution is 8176 by
17:40
6132 and you can actually bin those
17:42
where you combine multiple pixels to get
17:46
increased gain at the expense of lower
17:48
resolution down this is a 10sec exposure
17:51
obviously of the pin hole it's very uh
17:53
intensitive so we just stand still now
17:56
downloading it there's the uh exposure
17:59
so when it's
18:01
um there's a little status thing down
18:03
here so that tells you the um exposure
18:07
[Applause]
18:09
time it's this is just it
18:15
downloading um it is quite I'm seeing
18:18
quite a lot like smearing I think that I
18:20
don't know whether that's just due to
18:21
pixels overloading or something else I
18:24
mean yeah it's not it's not um out of
18:26
the question that there's something not
18:27
totally right about this camera
18:28
certainly was bodge wise on there um I
18:31
don't I'd imagine a camera like this
18:32
it's got a fairly narrow range of
18:34
intensities that it's happy with I'm not
18:36
going to spend a great deal of time on
18:38
this if you're interested in this camera
18:40
maybe for astronomy or something and
18:42
happy to sort of take the risk of it may
18:44
not be uh perfect I'll um I think I'll
18:47
stick this on eBay along with the
18:48
Illuminator I'll put a link down in the
18:50
description to the listing take your
18:52
chances to grab a bargain so for example
18:54
here we see this vertical streaking so
18:56
I'm not sure how normal that is this is
18:58
on fairly bright scene looking out the
19:02
window if I cut the exposure time down
19:04
on that it's now 1 second
19:07
exposure again most of the image
19:09
disappears again this is looks like it's
19:11
possibly over still overloading here go
19:14
that go down to say say quarter a
19:16
second so again I think there might be
19:19
some Auto gain control going on here um
19:21
this is with the PFG option let's try
19:23
turning that off and see what
19:25
happens so I'm not sure this is actually
19:27
more streaking or which just it's
19:29
cranked up the gain all the dis display
19:31
gray scale to show what um you know the
19:33
range of things that it's captured
19:36
there's one of one of 12 things in the
19:38
software there's um you can see of you
19:40
can't seem to read out the temperature
19:42
of the pelta cooler but you can set the
19:44
temperature and if you said it's a
19:46
different temperature you see the power
19:48
consumption jump up running the cooler
19:50
to get the temperature you requested but
19:52
I can't see anything anywhere that tells
19:54
you whether the cool is at the at the
19:56
temperature other than the power
19:57
consumption going down and there's no
19:59
temperature read out
20:03
here and just some yeah this is just
20:05
sort of very basic software I'm sure
20:07
there's like an API for more
20:09
sophisticated
20:10
applications but so if you know anything
20:12
more about these cameras please um stick
20:14
in the
20:15
comments um incidentally when I was
20:18
editing I didn't notice there was a bent
20:19
pin on the um CCD but I did fix that
20:22
before doing these tests and also
20:24
reactivated the um silica gel desicant
20:26
cuz I noticed it was uh I was getting
20:28
bit of condensation on the window but um
20:31
yeah so a couple of uh interesting but
20:34
maybe not particularly uh useful pieces
20:37
of Kit except for someone that's got a
20:38
very specific use so um I'll stick a
20:42
I'll stick these on eBay put a link in
20:44
the description and say hopefully
20:45
someone could actually make some uh good
20:47
use of these things
Example Output:
**Abstract:**
This video presents Part 2 of a teardown focusing on the optical components of a Fluidigm Polaris biotechnology instrument, specifically the multi-wavelength illuminator and the high-resolution CCD camera.
The Lumen Dynamics illuminator unit is examined in detail, revealing its construction using multiple high-power LEDs (430nm, 475nm, 520nm, 575nm, 630nm) combined via dichroic mirrors and filters. A square fiber optic rod is used to homogenize the light. A notable finding is the use of a phosphor-converted white LED filtered to achieve the 575nm output. The unit features simple TTL activation for each color, conduction cooling, and internal homogenization optics. Analysis of its EEPROM suggests extremely low operational runtime.
The camera module teardown showcases a 50 Megapixel ON Semiconductor KAF-50100 CCD sensor with micro-lenses, cooled by a multi-stage Peltier stack. The control electronics include an FPGA and a USB interface. Significant post-manufacturing modifications ("bodges") are observed on the camera's circuit boards. Basic functional testing using vendor software and a pinhole lens confirms image capture but reveals prominent vertical streaking artifacts, the cause of which remains uncertain (potential overload, readout artifact, or fault).
**Exploring the Fluidigm Polaris: A Detailed Look at its High-End Optics and Camera System**
* **0:00 High-End Optics:** The system utilizes heavy, high-quality lenses and mirrors for precise imaging, weighing around 4 kilos each.
* **0:49 Narrow Band Filters:** A filter wheel with five narrow band filters (488, 525, 570, 630, and 700 nm) ensures accurate fluorescence detection and rejection of excitation light.
* **2:01 Customizable Illumination:** The Lumen Dynamics light source offers five individually controllable LED wavelengths (430, 475, 520, 575, 630 nm) with varying power outputs. The 575nm yellow LED is uniquely achieved using a white LED with filtering.
* **3:45 TTL Control:** The light source is controlled via a simple TTL interface, enabling easy on/off switching for each LED color.
* **12:55 Sophisticated Camera:** The system includes a 50-megapixel Kodak KAI-50100 CCD camera with a Peltier cooling system for reduced noise.
* **14:54 High-Speed Data Transfer:** The camera features dual analog-to-digital converters to manage the high data throughput of the 50-megapixel sensor, which is effectively two 25-megapixel sensors operating in parallel.
* **18:11 Possible Issues:** The video creator noted some potential issues with the camera, including image smearing.
* **18:11 Limited Dynamic Range:** The camera's sensor has a limited dynamic range, making it potentially challenging to capture scenes with a wide range of brightness levels.
* **11:45 Low Runtime:** Internal data suggests the system has seen minimal usage, with only 20 minutes of recorded runtime for the green LED.
* **20:38 Availability on eBay:** Both the illuminator and camera are expected to be listed for sale on eBay.
Here is the real transcript. Please summarize it:
00:00:02 Poland is often described as a split
00:00:02 between a wealthier west, nicknamed
00:00:04 Poland A, and a less prosperous east,
00:00:08 Poland B. In fact, it's so wellknown in
00:00:10 Poland that people have a phrase for it,
00:00:13 Vidash Zabori, which means you can see
00:00:16 the partitions. Nowhere is this
00:00:18 difference more visible than in Poland's
00:00:20 election maps. Election after election,
00:00:22 a consistent pattern has emerged in
00:00:24 which the main liberal pro-Uropean party
00:00:27 dominates the West, while the
00:00:29 Conservative law and justice party holds
00:00:31 strong in Poland's eastern regions which
00:00:34 continue to lag behind in a number of
00:00:36 key economic metrics. So, in this video,
00:00:38 we're going to explain these persistent
00:00:40 East West differences and see whether
00:00:43 these divisions have eroded away at all
00:00:45 over time.
00:00:59 [Music]
00:00:59 Have you ever wondered how much money
00:01:01 TLDDR makes each year or who's funding
00:01:04 our journalism? Well, we think the
00:01:05 transparency is super important. So, we
00:01:08 answer both questions in our recent
00:01:10 video. It's linked in the description.
00:01:12 So, to understand this divide, we need
00:01:14 to start with a bit of a history lesson.
00:01:16 Once part of the powerful Polish
00:01:17 Lithuanian Commonwealth, in the late
00:01:19 18th century, Poland essentially ceased
00:01:22 to exist. Between 1772 and 1795, Poland
00:01:26 was partitioned in three stages by its
00:01:28 neighbors. The Kingdom of Russia took
00:01:31 the western and northern territories.
00:01:33 The Russian Empire annexed the eastern
00:01:35 regions, and the Habsburg Empire claimed
00:01:38 the southeastern lands. For a brief
00:01:40 time, Poland was reconstituted as the
00:01:42 Duchy of Warsaw, a Napoleonic client
00:01:45 state, but this was short-lived. Then in
00:01:48 1815, the Congress of Vienna created
00:01:51 Congress Poland, a constitutional
00:01:53 monarchy in personal union with Russia,
00:01:56 which over time tightened its control,
00:01:59 suppressed any uprisings, and reduced
00:02:01 Polish autonomy. Then, following World
00:02:03 War I, Poland regained its independence
00:02:05 in 1918. After several conflicts, most
00:02:08 notably the Polish Soviet war, Poland
00:02:10 expanded eastwards. And after signing
00:02:12 the 1921 Treaty of Ria acquired
00:02:15 significant territory known as the
00:02:17 Creser borderlands, which includes lands
00:02:20 in present-day Western Ukraine,
00:02:22 Bellarus, and Lithuania. But once again,
00:02:25 this new map didn't last long. In 1939,
00:02:28 Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed
00:02:30 the Molotov Ribbon Tropact, secretly
00:02:33 agreeing to divide Poland between them.
00:02:36 Germany then invaded from the west and
00:02:38 the Soviets from the east, effectively
00:02:40 annexing Poland from both sides. After
00:02:43 World War II, Poland's borders were
00:02:45 redrawn yet again, this time
00:02:47 permanently. The Allies forced Poland to
00:02:50 seed its Eastern Cres territories to the
00:02:52 USSR. In exchange, Poland was given the
00:02:54 former German territories in the west
00:02:56 and the southern East Prussia, home to
00:02:59 large cities like Vzlav and Gdansk,
00:03:02 effectively creating a new western
00:03:04 frontier. One of the major features of
00:03:06 this territorial swap was one of the
00:03:08 largest force migrations in European
00:03:11 history. Around 5 million ethnic Germans
00:03:13 were expelled from the newly acquired
00:03:15 Polish western territories. Meanwhile,
00:03:18 approximately 4.8 million Poles were
00:03:20 resettled in their place. Most of them
00:03:22 forcibly expelled from the eastern Cres
00:03:25 regions annexed by the USSR as well as
00:03:28 some from central Poland who voluntarily
00:03:30 moved west seeking economic
00:03:32 opportunities. While this process was
00:03:34 deeply traumatic for both the Poles and
00:03:36 the Germans, it was good for Poland
00:03:38 economically speaking as it inherited a
00:03:40 more developed industrialized western
00:03:43 region from Germany, which was home to
00:03:45 major industrial cities and had already
00:03:47 developed coal mines, steel works, power
00:03:50 plants, as well as a super dense rail
00:03:52 network. By comparison, the eastern
00:03:54 regions have remained largely agrarian
00:03:56 and underdeveloped, having been
00:03:58 neglected under decades of Russian
00:04:00 imperial rule. For instance, there are
00:04:01 higher concentrations of asbestos in the
00:04:04 east since most of the buildings in the
00:04:05 east were built after World War II using
00:04:07 cheaper materials, while the west has
00:04:10 the older German era buildings made with
00:04:12 more durable construction. This created
00:04:15 a clear economic divide. A wealthier
00:04:17 industrialized Poland A in the west and
00:04:20 a poorer agrarian Poland B in the east.
00:04:23 Now, postwar communist central planning
00:04:25 attempted to equalize regional
00:04:27 development and to some extent
00:04:29 succeeded, especially in reducing income
00:04:32 inequalities, but the West retained a
00:04:34 significant edge thanks to its
00:04:36 industrial base and infrastructure.
00:04:38 After communism collapsed in 1989,
00:04:40 Poland's transition to a market economy
00:04:42 more than doubled average income per
00:04:44 capita. However, the East continue to
00:04:46 lag behind. Fewer companies invest or
00:04:50 trade real estate in the east and
00:04:52 consumer activity has long been stronger
00:04:54 in the wealthier west. This is in part
00:04:56 because the west has a more developed
00:04:58 banking and credit system. Poles in
00:05:00 western regions are more likely to take
00:05:02 on debt and especially debt in foreign
00:05:04 currencies. And while debt might not
00:05:06 sound like a good thing if it's not at
00:05:08 dangerous levels, debt is generally
00:05:10 taken as a sign of a well-developed
00:05:12 economy with a functioning banking
00:05:14 system. Income gaps persist, too. A 2021
00:05:17 study found that between 2004 and 2016,
00:05:20 the wealthier regions like Mazovvitzky,
00:05:22 home to Warsaw, and others in the West,
00:05:25 became even richer compared to the
00:05:27 national average in terms of GDP per
00:05:29 capita. Meanwhile, poorer eastern and
00:05:32 northeastern regions fell further
00:05:34 behind. Today, four of Poland's 17
00:05:37 regions have a GDP per capita below
00:05:39 €15,000.
00:05:40 Three of them in the Far East, well
00:05:43 below the national average of around
00:05:45 €22,000.
00:05:46 While the average monthly gross salary
00:05:48 in these eastern regions is around 2,000
00:05:51 lower than the national average. In
00:05:53 fact, a handful of poorer rural eastern
00:05:55 regions have lost more than a tenth of
00:05:57 their population since 2011. As young
00:06:00 people move west in search of better
00:06:02 economic opportunities, reinforcing the
00:06:04 idea of a twospeed Poland, divided
00:06:07 starkly among former colonial lines. The
00:06:10 east west divide in Poland isn't just
00:06:11 economic, it's also cultural. The east
00:06:14 remains traditional and conservative,
00:06:16 while the west leans more socially
00:06:18 liberal. For example, in western
00:06:20 regions, the share of self-declared
00:06:22 Catholics has dropped sharply in the
00:06:24 last decade. One reason may be that
00:06:26 because much of the West was repopulated
00:06:28 after World War II, meaning communities
00:06:31 with fewer deep local roots and weaker
00:06:34 social ties were created, there's often
00:06:36 less community participation, including
00:06:39 in church life. This cultural contrast
00:06:41 is reflected in the politics, too. While
00:06:43 the West often supports liberal
00:06:45 pro-Uropean policies, parts of the
00:06:47 Southeast have declared themselves LGBTQ
00:06:50 free zones, aligning closely with the
00:06:52 socially conservative law and justice
00:06:54 party and its strong ties to the
00:06:57 Catholic Church, whose endorsed
00:06:58 presidential candidate won this May's
00:07:00 election, achieving his best results in
00:07:03 the poorer southeastern regions. That
00:07:06 said, perhaps we are oversimplifying
00:07:07 things a bit and it may not be as simple
00:07:10 as wealthy west and struggling east
00:07:12 anymore. For example, EU investment,
00:07:14 particularly through the cohesion fund,
00:07:16 has greatly improved infrastructure.
00:07:18 Modern highways and rail now link the
00:07:20 two halves of the country far better
00:07:21 than before. In fact, there's
00:07:23 significant variation within the regions
00:07:25 themselves, and inequality is obviously
00:07:27 not just limited to an east- west axis.
00:07:30 For instance, suburbs near major cities
00:07:32 have seen significant population growth,
00:07:34 pointing to a trend of suburbanization
00:07:36 and a deepening rural urban divide
00:07:39 across the country. Nonetheless, while
00:07:40 Poland's vibe may have eroded slightly
00:07:42 over time, and new patterns emerged,
00:07:45 divisions still clearly exist, not just
00:07:47 on the economic front, but also
00:07:49 politically and culturally, too.
00:07:52 Everything we've discussed in today's
00:07:53 video plays into a broader sense of
00:07:55 uncertainty in the world at the moment.
00:07:57 And who's so often at the middle of all
00:07:59 of that? Well, the United States. So, in
00:08:02 the next issue of our magazine, Too
00:08:04 Long, we're discussing this geopolitical
00:08:06 shift and whether we're currently
00:08:08 observing the end of the American order.
00:08:10 In that section, we discuss everything
00:08:12 from the collapse of democratic norms in
00:08:13 the US to the decline of American soft
00:08:15 power to issues with the US economy or
00:08:18 the battle for universities before
00:08:20 discussing who could potentially take
00:08:22 over in a postamerican world. So, if you
00:08:24 want to find out what we really think,
00:08:26 now's your chance. It's not just the US,
00:08:28 though. This issue is our longest ever
00:08:31 at 78 pages, full of our very best
00:08:33 journalism and analysis. So, we also get
00:08:36 into why Germany's military might is
00:08:38 growing, if Farage could become the UK's
00:08:41 next prime minister, why countries are
00:08:43 outsourcing their migrants, why the
00:08:44 global order is collapsing with
00:08:46 Professor James Kindi, and why leaders
00:08:49 like Putin and Netanyahu seem to be
00:08:51 getting away with it. The magazine has
00:08:53 now officially been published. So, if
00:08:55 you order a copy today, we'll ship it as
00:08:57 soon as we can. Or if you select the
00:08:59 digital edition, we'll send a digital
00:09:01 version of Too Long straight to your
00:09:03 inbox. Plus, if you want the very best
00:09:05 deal, you should make sure you subscribe
00:09:07 to Tool Long. That way, not only do you
00:09:09 get every issue going forward, but
00:09:11 you'll also get 20% off every copy as
00:09:14 long as you're a member. On top of that,
00:09:15 this week only, if you use code last
00:09:17 chance 20, you'll get an additional 20%
00:09:20 off this copy, bringing down the cost
00:09:22 from $9.99 to 640 for the digital
00:09:25 edition or £13.99 to £8.96 for the
00:09:29 physical edition. This really is your
00:09:31 last chance, too. From next month, all
00:09:33 new subscribers won't receive this issue
00:09:35 of too long, instead having to wait
00:09:37 until December's the new Middle East
00:09:39 issue. So, if you want the reduced
00:09:41 subscriber pricing on this issue, this
00:09:44 really is your last chance. As we
00:09:45 outlined in our recent video on TLDDR's
00:09:47 finances, TLDDR actually made a loss
00:09:50 last year. And Tulong is a big part of
00:09:52 our plan to make TLDDR profitable in
00:09:54 2025 in order to continue funding the
00:09:56 free videos that we make every day. So,
00:09:58 if you want to be part of that, then
identifier:5451
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host:193.8.40.126
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjiMKk-EzWginclude_comments:None
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output_language:en
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*Abstract:*
This video explains the persistent economic, cultural, and political divide between Poland's wealthier, more liberal west ("Poland A") and its less prosperous, more
I used gemini-2.5-pro| input-price: 1.25 output-price: 10 max-context-length: 200_000 on rocketrecap dot com to summarize the transcript.
Cost (if I didn't use the free tier): $0.0193
Input tokens: 15185
Output tokens: 35 Abstract:
This video explains the persistent economic, cultural, and political divide between Poland's wealthier, more liberal west ("Poland A") and its less prosperous, more
Below, I will provide input for an example video (comprising of title, description, and transcript, in this order) and the corresponding abstract and summary I expect. Afterward, I will provide a new transcript that I want you to summarize in the same format.
**Please give an abstract of the transcript and then summarize the transcript in a self-contained bullet list format.** Include starting timestamps, important details and key takeaways.
Example Input:
Fluidigm Polaris Part 2- illuminator and camera
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@robertwatsonbath
6 hours ago
Thanks Mike. Ooof! - with the level of bodgery going on around 15:48 I think shame would have made me do a board re spin, out of my own pocket if I had to.
1
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@Muonium1
9 hours ago
The green LED looks different from the others and uses phosphor conversion because of the "green gap" problem where green InGaN emitters suffer efficiency droop at high currents. Phosphide based emitters don't start becoming efficient until around 600nm so also can't be used for high power green emitters. See the paper and plot by Matthias Auf der Maur in his 2015 paper on alloy fluctuations in InGaN as the cause of reduced external quantum efficiency at longer (green) wavelengths.
4
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1 reply
@tafsirnahian669
10 hours ago (edited)
Can this be used as an astrophotography camera?
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mikeselectricstuff
·
1 reply
@mikeselectricstuff
6 hours ago
Yes, but may need a shutter to avoid light during readout
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@2010craggy
11 hours ago
Narrowband filters we use in Astronomy (Astrophotography) are sided- they work best passing light in one direction so I guess the arrows on the filter frames indicate which way round to install them in the filter wheel.
1
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@vitukz
12 hours ago
A mate with Channel @extractions&ire could use it
2
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@RobertGallop
19 hours ago
That LED module says it can go up to 28 amps!!! 21 amps for 100%. You should see what it does at 20 amps!
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@Prophes0r
19 hours ago
I had an "Oh SHIT!" moment when I realized that the weird trapezoidal shape of that light guide was for keystone correction of the light source.
Very clever.
6
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@OneBiOzZ
20 hours ago
given the cost of the CCD you think they could have run another PCB for it
9
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@tekvax01
21 hours ago
$20 thousand dollars per minute of run time!
1
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@tekvax01
22 hours ago
"We spared no expense!" John Hammond Jurassic Park.
*(that's why this thing costs the same as a 50-seat Greyhound Bus coach!)
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@florianf4257
22 hours ago
The smearing on the image could be due to the fact that you don't use a shutter, so you see brighter stripes under bright areas of the image as you still iluminate these pixels while the sensor data ist shifted out towards the top. I experienced this effect back at university with a LN-Cooled CCD for Spectroscopy. The stripes disapeared as soon as you used the shutter instead of disabling it in the open position (but fokussing at 100ms integration time and continuous readout with a focal plane shutter isn't much fun).
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mikeselectricstuff
·
1 reply
@mikeselectricstuff
12 hours ago
I didn't think of that, but makes sense
2
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@douro20
22 hours ago (edited)
The red LED reminds me of one from Roithner Lasertechnik. I have a Symbol 2D scanner which uses two very bright LEDs from that company, one red and one red-orange. The red-orange is behind a lens which focuses it into an extremely narrow beam.
1
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@RicoElectrico
23 hours ago
PFG is Pulse Flush Gate according to the datasheet.
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@dcallan812
23 hours ago
Very interesting. 2x
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@littleboot_
1 day ago
Cool interesting device
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@dav1dbone
1 day ago
I've stripped large projectors, looks similar, wonder if some of those castings are a magnesium alloy?
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@kevywevvy8833
1 day ago
ironic that some of those Phlatlight modules are used in some of the cheapest disco lights.
1
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1 reply
@bill6255
1 day ago
Great vid - gets right into subject in title, its packed with information, wraps up quickly. Should get a YT award! imho
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@JAKOB1977
1 day ago (edited)
The whole sensor module incl. a 5 grand 50mpix sensor for 49 £.. highest bid atm
Though also a limited CCD sensor, but for the right buyer its a steal at these relative low sums.
Architecture Full Frame CCD (Square Pixels)
Total Number of Pixels 8304 (H) × 6220 (V) = 51.6 Mp
Number of Effective Pixels 8208 (H) × 6164 (V) = 50.5 Mp
Number of Active Pixels 8176 (H) × 6132 (V) = 50.1 Mp
Pixel Size 6.0 m (H) × 6.0 m (V)
Active Image Size 49.1 mm (H) × 36.8 mm (V)
61.3 mm (Diagonal),
645 1.1x Optical Format
Aspect Ratio 4:3
Horizontal Outputs 4
Saturation Signal 40.3 ke−
Output Sensitivity 31 V/e−
Quantum Efficiency
KAF−50100−CAA
KAF−50100−AAA
KAF−50100−ABA (with Lens)
22%, 22%, 16% (Peak R, G, B)
25%
62%
Read Noise (f = 18 MHz) 12.5 e−
Dark Signal (T = 60°C) 42 pA/cm2
Dark Current Doubling Temperature 5.7°C
Dynamic Range (f = 18 MHz) 70.2 dB
Estimated Linear Dynamic Range
(f = 18 MHz)
69.3 dB
Charge Transfer Efficiency
Horizontal
Vertical
0.999995
0.999999
Blooming Protection
(4 ms Exposure Time)
800X Saturation Exposure
Maximum Date Rate 18 MHz
Package Ceramic PGA
Cover Glass MAR Coated, 2 Sides or
Clear Glass
Features
• TRUESENSE Transparent Gate Electrode
for High Sensitivity
• Ultra-High Resolution
• Board Dynamic Range
• Low Noise Architecture
• Large Active Imaging Area
Applications
• Digitization
• Mapping/Aerial
• Photography
• Scientific
Thx for the tear down Mike, always a joy
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@martinalooksatthings
1 day ago
15:49 that is some great bodging on of caps, they really didn't want to respin that PCB huh
8
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@RhythmGamer
1 day ago
Was depressed today and then a new mike video dropped and now I’m genuinely happy to get my tear down fix
1
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@dine9093
1 day ago (edited)
Did you transfrom into Mr Blobby for a moment there?
2
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@NickNorton
1 day ago
Thanks Mike. Your videos are always interesting.
5
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@KeritechElectronics
1 day ago
Heavy optics indeed... Spare no expense, cost no object. Splendid build quality. The CCD is a thing of beauty!
1
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@YSoreil
1 day ago
The pricing on that sensor is about right, I looked in to these many years ago when they were still in production since it's the only large sensor you could actually buy. Really cool to see one in the wild.
2
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@snik2pl
1 day ago
That leds look like from led projector
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@vincei4252
1 day ago
TDI = Time Domain Integration ?
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@wolpumba4099
1 day ago (edited)
Maybe the camera should not be illuminated during readout.
From the datasheet of the sensor (Onsemi): saturation 40300 electrons, read noise 12.5 electrons per pixel @ 18MHz (quite bad). quantum efficiency 62% (if it has micro lenses), frame rate 1 Hz. lateral overflow drain to prevent blooming protects against 800x (factor increases linearly with exposure time) saturation exposure (32e6 electrons per pixel at 4ms exposure time), microlens has +/- 20 degree acceptance angle
i guess it would be good for astrophotography
4
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@txm100
1 day ago (edited)
Babe wake up a new mikeselectricstuff has dropped!
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@vincei4252
1 day ago
That looks like a finger-lakes filter wheel, however, for astronomy they'd never use such a large stepper.
1
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@MRooodddvvv
1 day ago
yaaaaay ! more overcomplicated optical stuff !
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1 reply
@NoPegs
1 day ago
He lives!
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1 reply
Transcript
0:00
so I've stripped all the bits of the
0:01
optical system so basically we've got
0:03
the uh the camera
0:05
itself which is mounted on this uh very
0:09
complex
0:10
adjustment thing which obviously to set
0:13
you the various tilt and uh alignment
0:15
stuff then there's two of these massive
0:18
lenses I've taken one of these apart I
0:20
think there's something like about eight
0:22
or nine Optical elements in here these
0:25
don't seem to do a great deal in terms
0:26
of electr magnification they're obiously
0:28
just about getting the image to where it
0:29
uh where it needs to be just so that
0:33
goes like that then this Optical block I
0:36
originally thought this was made of some
0:37
s crazy heavy material but it's just
0:39
really the sum of all these Optical bits
0:41
are just ridiculously heavy those lenses
0:43
are about 4 kilos each and then there's
0:45
this very heavy very solid um piece that
0:47
goes in the middle and this is so this
0:49
is the filter wheel assembly with a
0:51
hilariously oversized steper
0:53
motor driving this wheel with these very
0:57
large narrow band filters so we've got
1:00
various different shades of uh
1:03
filters there five Al together that
1:06
one's actually just showing up a silver
1:07
that's actually a a red but fairly low
1:10
transmission orangey red blue green
1:15
there's an excess cover on this side so
1:16
the filters can be accessed and changed
1:19
without taking anything else apart even
1:21
this is like ridiculous it's like solid
1:23
aluminium this is just basically a cover
1:25
the actual wavelengths of these are um
1:27
488 525 570 630 and 700 NM not sure what
1:32
the suffix on that perhaps that's the uh
1:34
the width of the spectral line say these
1:37
are very narrow band filters most of
1:39
them are you very little light through
1:41
so it's still very tight narrow band to
1:43
match the um fluoresence of the dies
1:45
they're using in the biochemical process
1:48
and obviously to reject the light that's
1:49
being fired at it from that Illuminator
1:51
box and then there's a there's a second
1:53
one of these lenses then the actual sort
1:55
of samples below that so uh very serious
1:58
amount of very uh chunky heavy Optics
2:01
okay let's take a look at this light
2:02
source made by company Lumen Dynamics
2:04
who are now part of
2:06
excelitas self-contained unit power
2:08
connector USB and this which one of the
2:11
Cable Bundle said was a TTL interface
2:14
USB wasn't used in uh the fluid
2:17
application output here and I think this
2:19
is an input for um light feedback I
2:21
don't if it's regulated or just a measur
2:23
measurement facility and the uh fiber
2:27
assembly
2:29
Square Inlet there and then there's two
2:32
outputs which have uh lens assemblies
2:35
and this small one which goes back into
2:37
that small Port just Loops out of here
2:40
straight back in So on this side we've
2:42
got the electronics which look pretty
2:44
straightforward we've got a bit of power
2:45
supply stuff over here and we've got
2:48
separate drivers for each wavelength now
2:50
interesting this is clearly been very
2:52
specifically made for this application
2:54
you I was half expecting like say some
2:56
generic drivers that could be used for a
2:58
number of different things but actually
3:00
literally specified the exact wavelength
3:02
on the PCB there is provision here for
3:04
385 NM which isn't populated but this is
3:07
clearly been designed very specifically
3:09
so these four drivers look the same but
3:10
then there's two higher power ones for
3:12
575 and
3:14
520 a slightly bigger heat sink on this
3:16
575 section there a p 24 which is
3:20
providing USB interface USB isolator the
3:23
USB interface just presents as a comport
3:26
I did have a quick look but I didn't
3:27
actually get anything sensible um I did
3:29
dump the Pi code out and there's a few
3:31
you a few sort of commands that you
3:32
could see in text but I didn't actually
3:34
manage to get it working properly I
3:36
found some software for related version
3:38
but it didn't seem to want to talk to it
3:39
but um I say that wasn't used for the
3:41
original application it might be quite
3:42
interesting to get try and get the Run
3:44
hours count out of it and the TTL
3:46
interface looks fairly straightforward
3:48
we've got positions for six opto
3:50
isolators but only five five are
3:52
installed so that corresponds with the
3:54
unused thing so I think this hopefully
3:56
should be as simple as just providing a
3:57
ttrl signal for each color to uh enable
4:00
it a big heat sink here which is there I
4:03
think there's like a big S of metal
4:04
plate through the middle of this that
4:05
all the leads are mounted on the other
4:07
side so this is heat sinking it with a
4:09
air flow from a uh just a fan in here
4:13
obviously don't have the air flow
4:14
anywhere near the Optics so conduction
4:17
cool through to this plate that's then
4:18
uh air cooled got some pots which are
4:21
presumably power
4:22
adjustments okay let's take a look at
4:24
the other side which is uh much more
4:27
interesting see we've got some uh very
4:31
uh neatly Twisted cable assemblies there
4:35
a bunch of leads so we've got one here
4:37
475 up here 430 NM 630 575 and 520
4:44
filters and dcro mirrors a quick way to
4:48
see what's white is if we just shine
4:49
some white light through
4:51
here not sure how it is is to see on the
4:54
camera but shining white light we do
4:55
actually get a bit of red a bit of blue
4:57
some yellow here so the obstacle path
5:00
575 it goes sort of here bounces off
5:03
this mirror and goes out the 520 goes
5:07
sort of down here across here and up
5:09
there 630 goes basically straight
5:13
through
5:15
430 goes across there down there along
5:17
there and the 475 goes down here and
5:20
left this is the light sensing thing
5:22
think here there's just a um I think
5:24
there a photo diode or other sensor
5:26
haven't actually taken that off and
5:28
everything's fixed down to this chunk of
5:31
aluminium which acts as the heat
5:32
spreader that then conducts the heat to
5:33
the back side for the heat
5:35
sink and the actual lead packages all
5:38
look fairly similar except for this one
5:41
on the 575 which looks quite a bit more
5:44
substantial big spay
5:46
Terminals and the interface for this
5:48
turned out to be extremely simple it's
5:50
literally a 5V TTL level to enable each
5:54
color doesn't seem to be any tensity
5:56
control but there are some additional
5:58
pins on that connector that weren't used
5:59
in the through time thing so maybe
6:01
there's some extra lines that control
6:02
that I couldn't find any data on this uh
6:05
unit and the um their current product
6:07
range is quite significantly different
6:09
so we've got the uh blue these
6:13
might may well be saturating the camera
6:16
so they might look a bit weird so that's
6:17
the 430
6:18
blue the 575
6:24
yellow uh
6:26
475 light blue
6:29
the uh 520
6:31
green and the uh 630 red now one
6:36
interesting thing I noticed for the
6:39
575 it's actually it's actually using a
6:42
white lead and then filtering it rather
6:44
than using all the other ones are using
6:46
leads which are the fundamental colors
6:47
but uh this is actually doing white and
6:50
it's a combination of this filter and
6:52
the dichroic mirrors that are turning to
6:55
Yellow if we take the filter out and a
6:57
lot of the a lot of the um blue content
7:00
is going this way the red is going
7:02
straight through these two mirrors so
7:05
this is clearly not reflecting much of
7:08
that so we end up with the yellow coming
7:10
out of uh out of there which is a fairly
7:14
light yellow color which you don't
7:16
really see from high intensity leads so
7:19
that's clearly why they've used the
7:20
white to uh do this power consumption of
7:23
the white is pretty high so going up to
7:25
about 2 and 1 half amps on that color
7:27
whereas most of the other colors are
7:28
only drawing half an amp or so at 24
7:30
volts the uh the green is up to about
7:32
1.2 but say this thing is uh much
7:35
brighter and if you actually run all the
7:38
colors at the same time you get a fairly
7:41
reasonable um looking white coming out
7:43
of it and one thing you might just be
7:45
out to notice is there is some sort
7:46
color banding around here that's not
7:49
getting uh everything s completely
7:51
concentric and I think that's where this
7:53
fiber optic thing comes
7:58
in I'll
8:00
get a couple of Fairly accurately shaped
8:04
very sort of uniform color and looking
8:06
at What's um inside here we've basically
8:09
just got this Square Rod so this is
8:12
clearly yeah the lights just bouncing
8:13
off all the all the various sides to um
8:16
get a nice uniform illumination uh this
8:19
back bit looks like it's all potted so
8:21
nothing I really do to get in there I
8:24
think this is fiber so I have come
8:26
across um cables like this which are
8:27
liquid fill but just looking through the
8:30
end of this it's probably a bit hard to
8:31
see it does look like there fiber ends
8:34
going going on there and so there's this
8:36
feedback thing which is just obviously
8:39
compensating for the any light losses
8:41
through here to get an accurate
8:43
representation of uh the light that's
8:45
been launched out of these two
8:47
fibers and you see uh
8:49
these have got this sort of trapezium
8:54
shape light guides again it's like a
8:56
sort of acrylic or glass light guide
9:00
guess projected just to make the right
9:03
rectangular
9:04
shape and look at this Center assembly
9:07
um the light output doesn't uh change
9:10
whether you feed this in or not so it's
9:11
clear not doing any internal Clos Loop
9:14
control obviously there may well be some
9:16
facility for it to do that but it's not
9:17
being used in this
9:19
application and so this output just
9:21
produces a voltage on the uh outle
9:24
connector proportional to the amount of
9:26
light that's present so there's a little
9:28
diffuser in the back there
9:30
and then there's just some kind of uh
9:33
Optical sensor looks like a
9:35
chip looking at the lead it's a very
9:37
small package on the PCB with this lens
9:40
assembly over the top and these look
9:43
like they're actually on a copper
9:44
Metalized PCB for maximum thermal
9:47
performance and yeah it's a very small
9:49
package looks like it's a ceramic
9:51
package and there's a thermister there
9:53
for temperature monitoring this is the
9:56
475 blue one this is the 520 need to
9:59
Green which is uh rather different OB
10:02
it's a much bigger D with lots of bond
10:04
wise but also this looks like it's using
10:05
a phosphor if I shine a blue light at it
10:08
lights up green so this is actually a
10:10
phosphor conversion green lead which
10:12
I've I've come across before they want
10:15
that specific wavelength so they may be
10:17
easier to tune a phosphor than tune the
10:20
um semiconductor material to get the uh
10:23
right right wavelength from the lead
10:24
directly uh red 630 similar size to the
10:28
blue one or does seem to have a uh a
10:31
lens on top of it there is a sort of red
10:33
coloring to
10:35
the die but that doesn't appear to be
10:38
fluorescent as far as I can
10:39
tell and the white one again a little
10:41
bit different sort of much higher
10:43
current
10:46
connectors a makeer name on that
10:48
connector flot light not sure if that's
10:52
the connector or the lead
10:54
itself and obviously with the phosphor
10:56
and I'd imagine that phosphor may well
10:58
be tuned to get the maximum to the uh 5
11:01
cenm and actually this white one looks
11:04
like a St fairly standard product I just
11:06
found it in Mouse made by luminous
11:09
devices in fact actually I think all
11:11
these are based on various luminous
11:13
devices modules and they're you take
11:17
looks like they taking the nearest
11:18
wavelength and then just using these
11:19
filters to clean it up to get a precise
11:22
uh spectral line out of it so quite a
11:25
nice neat and um extreme
11:30
bright light source uh sure I've got any
11:33
particular use for it so I think this
11:35
might end up on
11:36
eBay but uh very pretty to look out and
11:40
without the uh risk of burning your eyes
11:43
out like you do with lasers so I thought
11:45
it would be interesting to try and
11:46
figure out the runtime of this things
11:48
like this we usually keep some sort
11:49
record of runtime cuz leads degrade over
11:51
time I couldn't get any software to work
11:52
through the USB face but then had a
11:54
thought probably going to be writing the
11:55
runtime periodically to the e s prom so
11:58
I just just scope up that and noticed it
12:00
was doing right every 5 minutes so I
12:02
just ran it for a while periodically
12:04
reading the E squ I just held the pick
12:05
in in reset and um put clip over to read
12:07
the square prom and found it was writing
12:10
one location per color every 5 minutes
12:12
so if one color was on it would write
12:14
that location every 5 minutes and just
12:16
increment it by one so after doing a few
12:18
tests with different colors of different
12:19
time periods it looked extremely
12:21
straightforward it's like a four bite
12:22
count for each color looking at the
12:24
original data that was in it all the
12:26
colors apart from Green were reading
12:28
zero and the green was reading four
12:30
indicating a total 20 minutes run time
12:32
ever if it was turned on run for a short
12:34
time then turned off that might not have
12:36
been counted but even so indicates this
12:37
thing wasn't used a great deal the whole
12:40
s process of doing a run can be several
12:42
hours but it'll only be doing probably
12:43
the Imaging at the end of that so you
12:46
wouldn't expect to be running for a long
12:47
time but say a single color for 20
12:50
minutes over its whole lifetime does
12:52
seem a little bit on the low side okay
12:55
let's look at the camera un fortunately
12:57
I managed to not record any sound when I
12:58
did this it's also a couple of months
13:00
ago so there's going to be a few details
13:02
that I've forgotten so I'm just going to
13:04
dub this over the original footage so um
13:07
take the lid off see this massive great
13:10
heat sink so this is a pel cool camera
13:12
we've got this blower fan producing a
13:14
fair amount of air flow through
13:16
it the connector here there's the ccds
13:19
mounted on the board on the
13:24
right this unplugs so we've got a bit of
13:27
power supply stuff on here
13:29
USB interface I think that's the Cyprus
13:32
microcontroller High speeded USB
13:34
interface there's a zyink spon fpga some
13:40
RAM and there's a couple of ATD
13:42
converters can't quite read what those
13:45
those are but anal
13:47
devices um little bit of bodgery around
13:51
here extra decoupling obviously they
13:53
have having some noise issues this is
13:55
around the ram chip quite a lot of extra
13:57
capacitors been added there
13:59
uh there's a couple of amplifiers prior
14:01
to the HD converter buffers or Andor
14:05
amplifiers taking the CCD
14:08
signal um bit more power spy stuff here
14:11
this is probably all to do with
14:12
generating the various CCD bias voltages
14:14
they uh need quite a lot of exotic
14:18
voltages next board down is just a
14:20
shield and an interconnect
14:24
boardly shielding the power supply stuff
14:26
from some the more sensitive an log
14:28
stuff
14:31
and this is the bottom board which is
14:32
just all power supply
14:34
stuff as you can see tons of capacitors
14:37
or Transformer in
14:42
there and this is the CCD which is a uh
14:47
very impressive thing this is a kf50 100
14:50
originally by true sense then codec
14:53
there ON
14:54
Semiconductor it's 50 megapixels uh the
14:58
only price I could find was this one
15:00
5,000 bucks and the architecture you can
15:03
see there actually two separate halves
15:04
which explains the Dual AZ converters
15:06
and two amplifiers it's literally split
15:08
down the middle and duplicated so it's
15:10
outputting two streams in parallel just
15:13
to keep the bandwidth sensible and it's
15:15
got this amazing um diffraction effects
15:18
it's got micro lenses over the pixel so
15:20
there's there's a bit more Optics going
15:22
on than on a normal
15:25
sensor few more bodges on the CCD board
15:28
including this wire which isn't really
15:29
tacked down very well which is a bit uh
15:32
bit of a mess quite a few bits around
15:34
this board where they've uh tacked
15:36
various bits on which is not super
15:38
impressive looks like CCD drivers on the
15:40
left with those 3 ohm um damping
15:43
resistors on the
15:47
output get a few more little bodges
15:50
around here some of
15:52
the and there's this separator the
15:54
silica gel to keep the moisture down but
15:56
there's this separator that actually
15:58
appears to be cut from piece of
15:59
antistatic
16:04
bag and this sort of thermal block on
16:06
top of this stack of three pel Cola
16:12
modules so as with any Stacks they get
16:16
um larger as they go back towards the
16:18
heat sink because each P's got to not
16:20
only take the heat from the previous but
16:21
also the waste heat which is quite
16:27
significant you see a little temperature
16:29
sensor here that copper block which
16:32
makes contact with the back of the
16:37
CCD and this's the back of the
16:40
pelas this then contacts the heat sink
16:44
on the uh rear there a few thermal pads
16:46
as well for some of the other power
16:47
components on this
16:51
PCB okay I've connected this uh camera
16:54
up I found some drivers on the disc that
16:56
seem to work under Windows 7 couldn't
16:58
get to install under Windows 11 though
17:01
um in the absence of any sort of lens or
17:03
being bothered to the proper amount I've
17:04
just put some f over it and put a little
17:06
pin in there to make a pinhole lens and
17:08
software gives a few options I'm not
17:11
entirely sure what all these are there's
17:12
obviously a clock frequency 22 MHz low
17:15
gain and with PFG no idea what that is
17:19
something something game programmable
17:20
Something game perhaps ver exposure
17:23
types I think focus is just like a
17:25
continuous grab until you tell it to
17:27
stop not entirely sure all these options
17:30
are obviously exposure time uh triggers
17:33
there ex external hardware trigger inut
17:35
you just trigger using a um thing on
17:37
screen so the resolution is 8176 by
17:40
6132 and you can actually bin those
17:42
where you combine multiple pixels to get
17:46
increased gain at the expense of lower
17:48
resolution down this is a 10sec exposure
17:51
obviously of the pin hole it's very uh
17:53
intensitive so we just stand still now
17:56
downloading it there's the uh exposure
17:59
so when it's
18:01
um there's a little status thing down
18:03
here so that tells you the um exposure
18:07
[Applause]
18:09
time it's this is just it
18:15
downloading um it is quite I'm seeing
18:18
quite a lot like smearing I think that I
18:20
don't know whether that's just due to
18:21
pixels overloading or something else I
18:24
mean yeah it's not it's not um out of
18:26
the question that there's something not
18:27
totally right about this camera
18:28
certainly was bodge wise on there um I
18:31
don't I'd imagine a camera like this
18:32
it's got a fairly narrow range of
18:34
intensities that it's happy with I'm not
18:36
going to spend a great deal of time on
18:38
this if you're interested in this camera
18:40
maybe for astronomy or something and
18:42
happy to sort of take the risk of it may
18:44
not be uh perfect I'll um I think I'll
18:47
stick this on eBay along with the
18:48
Illuminator I'll put a link down in the
18:50
description to the listing take your
18:52
chances to grab a bargain so for example
18:54
here we see this vertical streaking so
18:56
I'm not sure how normal that is this is
18:58
on fairly bright scene looking out the
19:02
window if I cut the exposure time down
19:04
on that it's now 1 second
19:07
exposure again most of the image
19:09
disappears again this is looks like it's
19:11
possibly over still overloading here go
19:14
that go down to say say quarter a
19:16
second so again I think there might be
19:19
some Auto gain control going on here um
19:21
this is with the PFG option let's try
19:23
turning that off and see what
19:25
happens so I'm not sure this is actually
19:27
more streaking or which just it's
19:29
cranked up the gain all the dis display
19:31
gray scale to show what um you know the
19:33
range of things that it's captured
19:36
there's one of one of 12 things in the
19:38
software there's um you can see of you
19:40
can't seem to read out the temperature
19:42
of the pelta cooler but you can set the
19:44
temperature and if you said it's a
19:46
different temperature you see the power
19:48
consumption jump up running the cooler
19:50
to get the temperature you requested but
19:52
I can't see anything anywhere that tells
19:54
you whether the cool is at the at the
19:56
temperature other than the power
19:57
consumption going down and there's no
19:59
temperature read out
20:03
here and just some yeah this is just
20:05
sort of very basic software I'm sure
20:07
there's like an API for more
20:09
sophisticated
20:10
applications but so if you know anything
20:12
more about these cameras please um stick
20:14
in the
20:15
comments um incidentally when I was
20:18
editing I didn't notice there was a bent
20:19
pin on the um CCD but I did fix that
20:22
before doing these tests and also
20:24
reactivated the um silica gel desicant
20:26
cuz I noticed it was uh I was getting
20:28
bit of condensation on the window but um
20:31
yeah so a couple of uh interesting but
20:34
maybe not particularly uh useful pieces
20:37
of Kit except for someone that's got a
20:38
very specific use so um I'll stick a
20:42
I'll stick these on eBay put a link in
20:44
the description and say hopefully
20:45
someone could actually make some uh good
20:47
use of these things
Example Output:
**Abstract:**
This video presents Part 2 of a teardown focusing on the optical components of a Fluidigm Polaris biotechnology instrument, specifically the multi-wavelength illuminator and the high-resolution CCD camera.
The Lumen Dynamics illuminator unit is examined in detail, revealing its construction using multiple high-power LEDs (430nm, 475nm, 520nm, 575nm, 630nm) combined via dichroic mirrors and filters. A square fiber optic rod is used to homogenize the light. A notable finding is the use of a phosphor-converted white LED filtered to achieve the 575nm output. The unit features simple TTL activation for each color, conduction cooling, and internal homogenization optics. Analysis of its EEPROM suggests extremely low operational runtime.
The camera module teardown showcases a 50 Megapixel ON Semiconductor KAF-50100 CCD sensor with micro-lenses, cooled by a multi-stage Peltier stack. The control electronics include an FPGA and a USB interface. Significant post-manufacturing modifications ("bodges") are observed on the camera's circuit boards. Basic functional testing using vendor software and a pinhole lens confirms image capture but reveals prominent vertical streaking artifacts, the cause of which remains uncertain (potential overload, readout artifact, or fault).
**Exploring the Fluidigm Polaris: A Detailed Look at its High-End Optics and Camera System**
* **0:00 High-End Optics:** The system utilizes heavy, high-quality lenses and mirrors for precise imaging, weighing around 4 kilos each.
* **0:49 Narrow Band Filters:** A filter wheel with five narrow band filters (488, 525, 570, 630, and 700 nm) ensures accurate fluorescence detection and rejection of excitation light.
* **2:01 Customizable Illumination:** The Lumen Dynamics light source offers five individually controllable LED wavelengths (430, 475, 520, 575, 630 nm) with varying power outputs. The 575nm yellow LED is uniquely achieved using a white LED with filtering.
* **3:45 TTL Control:** The light source is controlled via a simple TTL interface, enabling easy on/off switching for each LED color.
* **12:55 Sophisticated Camera:** The system includes a 50-megapixel Kodak KAI-50100 CCD camera with a Peltier cooling system for reduced noise.
* **14:54 High-Speed Data Transfer:** The camera features dual analog-to-digital converters to manage the high data throughput of the 50-megapixel sensor, which is effectively two 25-megapixel sensors operating in parallel.
* **18:11 Possible Issues:** The video creator noted some potential issues with the camera, including image smearing.
* **18:11 Limited Dynamic Range:** The camera's sensor has a limited dynamic range, making it potentially challenging to capture scenes with a wide range of brightness levels.
* **11:45 Low Runtime:** Internal data suggests the system has seen minimal usage, with only 20 minutes of recorded runtime for the green LED.
* **20:38 Availability on eBay:** Both the illuminator and camera are expected to be listed for sale on eBay.
Here is the real transcript. Please summarize it:
00:00:02 Poland is often described as a split
00:00:02 between a wealthier west, nicknamed
00:00:04 Poland A, and a less prosperous east,
00:00:08 Poland B. In fact, it's so wellknown in
00:00:10 Poland that people have a phrase for it,
00:00:13 Vidash Zabori, which means you can see
00:00:16 the partitions. Nowhere is this
00:00:18 difference more visible than in Poland's
00:00:20 election maps. Election after election,
00:00:22 a consistent pattern has emerged in
00:00:24 which the main liberal pro-Uropean party
00:00:27 dominates the West, while the
00:00:29 Conservative law and justice party holds
00:00:31 strong in Poland's eastern regions which
00:00:34 continue to lag behind in a number of
00:00:36 key economic metrics. So, in this video,
00:00:38 we're going to explain these persistent
00:00:40 East West differences and see whether
00:00:43 these divisions have eroded away at all
00:00:45 over time.
00:00:59 [Music]
00:00:59 Have you ever wondered how much money
00:01:01 TLDDR makes each year or who's funding
00:01:04 our journalism? Well, we think the
00:01:05 transparency is super important. So, we
00:01:08 answer both questions in our recent
00:01:10 video. It's linked in the description.
00:01:12 So, to understand this divide, we need
00:01:14 to start with a bit of a history lesson.
00:01:16 Once part of the powerful Polish
00:01:17 Lithuanian Commonwealth, in the late
00:01:19 18th century, Poland essentially ceased
00:01:22 to exist. Between 1772 and 1795, Poland
00:01:26 was partitioned in three stages by its
00:01:28 neighbors. The Kingdom of Russia took
00:01:31 the western and northern territories.
00:01:33 The Russian Empire annexed the eastern
00:01:35 regions, and the Habsburg Empire claimed
00:01:38 the southeastern lands. For a brief
00:01:40 time, Poland was reconstituted as the
00:01:42 Duchy of Warsaw, a Napoleonic client
00:01:45 state, but this was short-lived. Then in
00:01:48 1815, the Congress of Vienna created
00:01:51 Congress Poland, a constitutional
00:01:53 monarchy in personal union with Russia,
00:01:56 which over time tightened its control,
00:01:59 suppressed any uprisings, and reduced
00:02:01 Polish autonomy. Then, following World
00:02:03 War I, Poland regained its independence
00:02:05 in 1918. After several conflicts, most
00:02:08 notably the Polish Soviet war, Poland
00:02:10 expanded eastwards. And after signing
00:02:12 the 1921 Treaty of Ria acquired
00:02:15 significant territory known as the
00:02:17 Creser borderlands, which includes lands
00:02:20 in present-day Western Ukraine,
00:02:22 Bellarus, and Lithuania. But once again,
00:02:25 this new map didn't last long. In 1939,
00:02:28 Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed
00:02:30 the Molotov Ribbon Tropact, secretly
00:02:33 agreeing to divide Poland between them.
00:02:36 Germany then invaded from the west and
00:02:38 the Soviets from the east, effectively
00:02:40 annexing Poland from both sides. After
00:02:43 World War II, Poland's borders were
00:02:45 redrawn yet again, this time
00:02:47 permanently. The Allies forced Poland to
00:02:50 seed its Eastern Cres territories to the
00:02:52 USSR. In exchange, Poland was given the
00:02:54 former German territories in the west
00:02:56 and the southern East Prussia, home to
00:02:59 large cities like Vzlav and Gdansk,
00:03:02 effectively creating a new western
00:03:04 frontier. One of the major features of
00:03:06 this territorial swap was one of the
00:03:08 largest force migrations in European
00:03:11 history. Around 5 million ethnic Germans
00:03:13 were expelled from the newly acquired
00:03:15 Polish western territories. Meanwhile,
00:03:18 approximately 4.8 million Poles were
00:03:20 resettled in their place. Most of them
00:03:22 forcibly expelled from the eastern Cres
00:03:25 regions annexed by the USSR as well as
00:03:28 some from central Poland who voluntarily
00:03:30 moved west seeking economic
00:03:32 opportunities. While this process was
00:03:34 deeply traumatic for both the Poles and
00:03:36 the Germans, it was good for Poland
00:03:38 economically speaking as it inherited a
00:03:40 more developed industrialized western
00:03:43 region from Germany, which was home to
00:03:45 major industrial cities and had already
00:03:47 developed coal mines, steel works, power
00:03:50 plants, as well as a super dense rail
00:03:52 network. By comparison, the eastern
00:03:54 regions have remained largely agrarian
00:03:56 and underdeveloped, having been
00:03:58 neglected under decades of Russian
00:04:00 imperial rule. For instance, there are
00:04:01 higher concentrations of asbestos in the
00:04:04 east since most of the buildings in the
00:04:05 east were built after World War II using
00:04:07 cheaper materials, while the west has
00:04:10 the older German era buildings made with
00:04:12 more durable construction. This created
00:04:15 a clear economic divide. A wealthier
00:04:17 industrialized Poland A in the west and
00:04:20 a poorer agrarian Poland B in the east.
00:04:23 Now, postwar communist central planning
00:04:25 attempted to equalize regional
00:04:27 development and to some extent
00:04:29 succeeded, especially in reducing income
00:04:32 inequalities, but the West retained a
00:04:34 significant edge thanks to its
00:04:36 industrial base and infrastructure.
00:04:38 After communism collapsed in 1989,
00:04:40 Poland's transition to a market economy
00:04:42 more than doubled average income per
00:04:44 capita. However, the East continue to
00:04:46 lag behind. Fewer companies invest or
00:04:50 trade real estate in the east and
00:04:52 consumer activity has long been stronger
00:04:54 in the wealthier west. This is in part
00:04:56 because the west has a more developed
00:04:58 banking and credit system. Poles in
00:05:00 western regions are more likely to take
00:05:02 on debt and especially debt in foreign
00:05:04 currencies. And while debt might not
00:05:06 sound like a good thing if it's not at
00:05:08 dangerous levels, debt is generally
00:05:10 taken as a sign of a well-developed
00:05:12 economy with a functioning banking
00:05:14 system. Income gaps persist, too. A 2021
00:05:17 study found that between 2004 and 2016,
00:05:20 the wealthier regions like Mazovvitzky,
00:05:22 home to Warsaw, and others in the West,
00:05:25 became even richer compared to the
00:05:27 national average in terms of GDP per
00:05:29 capita. Meanwhile, poorer eastern and
00:05:32 northeastern regions fell further
00:05:34 behind. Today, four of Poland's 17
00:05:37 regions have a GDP per capita below
00:05:39 €15,000.
00:05:40 Three of them in the Far East, well
00:05:43 below the national average of around
00:05:45 €22,000.
00:05:46 While the average monthly gross salary
00:05:48 in these eastern regions is around 2,000
00:05:51 lower than the national average. In
00:05:53 fact, a handful of poorer rural eastern
00:05:55 regions have lost more than a tenth of
00:05:57 their population since 2011. As young
00:06:00 people move west in search of better
00:06:02 economic opportunities, reinforcing the
00:06:04 idea of a twospeed Poland, divided
00:06:07 starkly among former colonial lines. The
00:06:10 east west divide in Poland isn't just
00:06:11 economic, it's also cultural. The east
00:06:14 remains traditional and conservative,
00:06:16 while the west leans more socially
00:06:18 liberal. For example, in western
00:06:20 regions, the share of self-declared
00:06:22 Catholics has dropped sharply in the
00:06:24 last decade. One reason may be that
00:06:26 because much of the West was repopulated
00:06:28 after World War II, meaning communities
00:06:31 with fewer deep local roots and weaker
00:06:34 social ties were created, there's often
00:06:36 less community participation, including
00:06:39 in church life. This cultural contrast
00:06:41 is reflected in the politics, too. While
00:06:43 the West often supports liberal
00:06:45 pro-Uropean policies, parts of the
00:06:47 Southeast have declared themselves LGBTQ
00:06:50 free zones, aligning closely with the
00:06:52 socially conservative law and justice
00:06:54 party and its strong ties to the
00:06:57 Catholic Church, whose endorsed
00:06:58 presidential candidate won this May's
00:07:00 election, achieving his best results in
00:07:03 the poorer southeastern regions. That
00:07:06 said, perhaps we are oversimplifying
00:07:07 things a bit and it may not be as simple
00:07:10 as wealthy west and struggling east
00:07:12 anymore. For example, EU investment,
00:07:14 particularly through the cohesion fund,
00:07:16 has greatly improved infrastructure.
00:07:18 Modern highways and rail now link the
00:07:20 two halves of the country far better
00:07:21 than before. In fact, there's
00:07:23 significant variation within the regions
00:07:25 themselves, and inequality is obviously
00:07:27 not just limited to an east- west axis.
00:07:30 For instance, suburbs near major cities
00:07:32 have seen significant population growth,
00:07:34 pointing to a trend of suburbanization
00:07:36 and a deepening rural urban divide
00:07:39 across the country. Nonetheless, while
00:07:40 Poland's vibe may have eroded slightly
00:07:42 over time, and new patterns emerged,
00:07:45 divisions still clearly exist, not just
00:07:47 on the economic front, but also
00:07:49 politically and culturally, too.
00:07:52 Everything we've discussed in today's
00:07:53 video plays into a broader sense of
00:07:55 uncertainty in the world at the moment.
00:07:57 And who's so often at the middle of all
00:07:59 of that? Well, the United States. So, in
00:08:02 the next issue of our magazine, Too
00:08:04 Long, we're discussing this geopolitical
00:08:06 shift and whether we're currently
00:08:08 observing the end of the American order.
00:08:10 In that section, we discuss everything
00:08:12 from the collapse of democratic norms in
00:08:13 the US to the decline of American soft
00:08:15 power to issues with the US economy or
00:08:18 the battle for universities before
00:08:20 discussing who could potentially take
00:08:22 over in a postamerican world. So, if you
00:08:24 want to find out what we really think,
00:08:26 now's your chance. It's not just the US,
00:08:28 though. This issue is our longest ever
00:08:31 at 78 pages, full of our very best
00:08:33 journalism and analysis. So, we also get
00:08:36 into why Germany's military might is
00:08:38 growing, if Farage could become the UK's
00:08:41 next prime minister, why countries are
00:08:43 outsourcing their migrants, why the
00:08:44 global order is collapsing with
00:08:46 Professor James Kindi, and why leaders
00:08:49 like Putin and Netanyahu seem to be
00:08:51 getting away with it. The magazine has
00:08:53 now officially been published. So, if
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