*AI Summary*
*# *Domain Analysis: Traditional Artisanal Manufacturing & Woodworking History**
*Expert Persona:* Senior Master Cooper and Industrial Historian
---
### *Abstract*
This technical review analyzes three archival films (Germany 1962, Germany 1982, and Norway 1966) documenting legacy coopering methodologies. The presentation, hosted by a modern professional cooper, evaluates the evolution of specialized hand tools and assembly sequences. Key technical observations include the "center-belly" alignment technique used in mid-century German heavy casks, the complex geometry required for tapered miniature wine jugs, and the unique application of softwood and notched wooden hoops in Scandinavian fish-barrel production. The review serves as a comparative study of regional variations in the trade, emphasizing the transition from fire-bending to steam-bending and the mechanical ingenuity of traditional seal-integrity testing.
---
### *Historical Coopering Techniques: A Master Cooper’s Review*
* *0:15 German Heavy Cask Fabrication (1962):* The cooper utilizes a broadaxe for the initial hewing of oak staves, transitioning to a specialized horse for backing and hollowing.
* *1:52 Unconventional Alignment:* Unlike modern standardized methods, the 1962 practitioner ignores stave end-alignment, prioritizing the "belly" (center) of the stave to ensure structural integrity at the widest point of the cask.
* *3:04 Specialized Safety Tooling:* Implementation of a long-handled driver allows the cooper to secure hoops while keeping hands clear of the hammer's strike zone, a critical safety innovation for heavy manual production.
* *5:13 Post-Raising Leveling:* Due to the uneven stave ends, the cooper employs a bow saw to cut the chime flush after the cask is raised and bent—a technique considered unconventional in contemporary production but highly effective for custom-milled timber.
* *6:01 Advanced Chime Croze:* A specialized, chime-mounted croze is used to cut the groove for the head. This tool offers superior stability and lower physical exertion compared to standard handheld variants.
* *7:59 Head Fitting and Flagging:* The cooper utilizes a bracing bit for dowel holes and employs "rush" (river reeds) for flagging between stave joints and head grooves to ensure a liquid-tight seal.
* *11:14 Miniature Tapered Jug (1982):* This segment highlights the difficulty of "white coopering" (liquid-holding vessels for table use). The geometry is complex because the staves must taper significantly from a wide base to a narrow top.
* *13:56 Transition to Steam-Bending:* Unlike the 1962 footage, the 1982 practitioner uses a fire-generated steamer. This provides more uniform moisture penetration than direct fire-bending, reducing the failure rate (broken staves) in small-scale work.
* *17:58 Norwegian Softwood Casks (1966):* Production of herring barrels utilizing pine or spruce. The material choice reflects the intended use for dry or brined fish rather than pressurized beverages like beer or spirits.
* *20:50 High-Speed Finishing:* The use of an adze and shiv on softwood allows for rapid chime cutting, as the end grain of pine is significantly less resistant than that of oak.
* *22:30 Notched Wooden Hoops:* A showcase of master-level skill where hazel hoops are secured using only hand-cut notches. This method requires no nails or fasteners, relying entirely on the tension and geometry of the wood.
* *23:41 Pressure Testing:* The "breath test" involves drilling a small hole and blowing air into the sealed cask to check for back-pressure, a traditional and highly sensitive method for identifying leaks before the vessel is commissioned.
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Fluidigm Polaris Part 2- illuminator and camera
mikeselectricstuff
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Fluidigm Polaris part 1 : • Fluidigm Polaris (Part 1) - Biotech g...
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Merch https://mikeselectricstuff.creator-sp...
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mikeselectricstuff
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40 Comments
@robertwatsonbath
6 hours ago
Thanks Mike. Ooof! - with the level of bodgery going on around 15:48 I think shame would have made me do a board re spin, out of my own pocket if I had to.
1
Reply
@Muonium1
9 hours ago
The green LED looks different from the others and uses phosphor conversion because of the "green gap" problem where green InGaN emitters suffer efficiency droop at high currents. Phosphide based emitters don't start becoming efficient until around 600nm so also can't be used for high power green emitters. See the paper and plot by Matthias Auf der Maur in his 2015 paper on alloy fluctuations in InGaN as the cause of reduced external quantum efficiency at longer (green) wavelengths.
4
Reply
1 reply
@tafsirnahian669
10 hours ago (edited)
Can this be used as an astrophotography camera?
Reply
mikeselectricstuff
·
1 reply
@mikeselectricstuff
6 hours ago
Yes, but may need a shutter to avoid light during readout
Reply
@2010craggy
11 hours ago
Narrowband filters we use in Astronomy (Astrophotography) are sided- they work best passing light in one direction so I guess the arrows on the filter frames indicate which way round to install them in the filter wheel.
1
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@vitukz
12 hours ago
A mate with Channel @extractions&ire could use it
2
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@RobertGallop
19 hours ago
That LED module says it can go up to 28 amps!!! 21 amps for 100%. You should see what it does at 20 amps!
Reply
@Prophes0r
19 hours ago
I had an "Oh SHIT!" moment when I realized that the weird trapezoidal shape of that light guide was for keystone correction of the light source.
Very clever.
6
Reply
@OneBiOzZ
20 hours ago
given the cost of the CCD you think they could have run another PCB for it
9
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@tekvax01
21 hours ago
$20 thousand dollars per minute of run time!
1
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@tekvax01
22 hours ago
"We spared no expense!" John Hammond Jurassic Park.
*(that's why this thing costs the same as a 50-seat Greyhound Bus coach!)
Reply
@florianf4257
22 hours ago
The smearing on the image could be due to the fact that you don't use a shutter, so you see brighter stripes under bright areas of the image as you still iluminate these pixels while the sensor data ist shifted out towards the top. I experienced this effect back at university with a LN-Cooled CCD for Spectroscopy. The stripes disapeared as soon as you used the shutter instead of disabling it in the open position (but fokussing at 100ms integration time and continuous readout with a focal plane shutter isn't much fun).
12
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mikeselectricstuff
·
1 reply
@mikeselectricstuff
12 hours ago
I didn't think of that, but makes sense
2
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@douro20
22 hours ago (edited)
The red LED reminds me of one from Roithner Lasertechnik. I have a Symbol 2D scanner which uses two very bright LEDs from that company, one red and one red-orange. The red-orange is behind a lens which focuses it into an extremely narrow beam.
1
Reply
@RicoElectrico
23 hours ago
PFG is Pulse Flush Gate according to the datasheet.
Reply
@dcallan812
23 hours ago
Very interesting. 2x
Reply
@littleboot_
1 day ago
Cool interesting device
Reply
@dav1dbone
1 day ago
I've stripped large projectors, looks similar, wonder if some of those castings are a magnesium alloy?
Reply
@kevywevvy8833
1 day ago
ironic that some of those Phlatlight modules are used in some of the cheapest disco lights.
1
Reply
1 reply
@bill6255
1 day ago
Great vid - gets right into subject in title, its packed with information, wraps up quickly. Should get a YT award! imho
3
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@JAKOB1977
1 day ago (edited)
The whole sensor module incl. a 5 grand 50mpix sensor for 49 £.. highest bid atm
Though also a limited CCD sensor, but for the right buyer its a steal at these relative low sums.
Architecture Full Frame CCD (Square Pixels)
Total Number of Pixels 8304 (H) × 6220 (V) = 51.6 Mp
Number of Effective Pixels 8208 (H) × 6164 (V) = 50.5 Mp
Number of Active Pixels 8176 (H) × 6132 (V) = 50.1 Mp
Pixel Size 6.0 m (H) × 6.0 m (V)
Active Image Size 49.1 mm (H) × 36.8 mm (V)
61.3 mm (Diagonal),
645 1.1x Optical Format
Aspect Ratio 4:3
Horizontal Outputs 4
Saturation Signal 40.3 ke−
Output Sensitivity 31 V/e−
Quantum Efficiency
KAF−50100−CAA
KAF−50100−AAA
KAF−50100−ABA (with Lens)
22%, 22%, 16% (Peak R, G, B)
25%
62%
Read Noise (f = 18 MHz) 12.5 e−
Dark Signal (T = 60°C) 42 pA/cm2
Dark Current Doubling Temperature 5.7°C
Dynamic Range (f = 18 MHz) 70.2 dB
Estimated Linear Dynamic Range
(f = 18 MHz)
69.3 dB
Charge Transfer Efficiency
Horizontal
Vertical
0.999995
0.999999
Blooming Protection
(4 ms Exposure Time)
800X Saturation Exposure
Maximum Date Rate 18 MHz
Package Ceramic PGA
Cover Glass MAR Coated, 2 Sides or
Clear Glass
Features
• TRUESENSE Transparent Gate Electrode
for High Sensitivity
• Ultra-High Resolution
• Board Dynamic Range
• Low Noise Architecture
• Large Active Imaging Area
Applications
• Digitization
• Mapping/Aerial
• Photography
• Scientific
Thx for the tear down Mike, always a joy
Reply
@martinalooksatthings
1 day ago
15:49 that is some great bodging on of caps, they really didn't want to respin that PCB huh
8
Reply
@RhythmGamer
1 day ago
Was depressed today and then a new mike video dropped and now I’m genuinely happy to get my tear down fix
1
Reply
@dine9093
1 day ago (edited)
Did you transfrom into Mr Blobby for a moment there?
2
Reply
@NickNorton
1 day ago
Thanks Mike. Your videos are always interesting.
5
Reply
@KeritechElectronics
1 day ago
Heavy optics indeed... Spare no expense, cost no object. Splendid build quality. The CCD is a thing of beauty!
1
Reply
@YSoreil
1 day ago
The pricing on that sensor is about right, I looked in to these many years ago when they were still in production since it's the only large sensor you could actually buy. Really cool to see one in the wild.
2
Reply
@snik2pl
1 day ago
That leds look like from led projector
Reply
@vincei4252
1 day ago
TDI = Time Domain Integration ?
1
Reply
@wolpumba4099
1 day ago (edited)
Maybe the camera should not be illuminated during readout.
From the datasheet of the sensor (Onsemi): saturation 40300 electrons, read noise 12.5 electrons per pixel @ 18MHz (quite bad). quantum efficiency 62% (if it has micro lenses), frame rate 1 Hz. lateral overflow drain to prevent blooming protects against 800x (factor increases linearly with exposure time) saturation exposure (32e6 electrons per pixel at 4ms exposure time), microlens has +/- 20 degree acceptance angle
i guess it would be good for astrophotography
4
Reply
@txm100
1 day ago (edited)
Babe wake up a new mikeselectricstuff has dropped!
9
Reply
@vincei4252
1 day ago
That looks like a finger-lakes filter wheel, however, for astronomy they'd never use such a large stepper.
1
Reply
@MRooodddvvv
1 day ago
yaaaaay ! more overcomplicated optical stuff !
4
Reply
1 reply
@NoPegs
1 day ago
He lives!
11
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1 reply
Transcript
0:00
so I've stripped all the bits of the
0:01
optical system so basically we've got
0:03
the uh the camera
0:05
itself which is mounted on this uh very
0:09
complex
0:10
adjustment thing which obviously to set
0:13
you the various tilt and uh alignment
0:15
stuff then there's two of these massive
0:18
lenses I've taken one of these apart I
0:20
think there's something like about eight
0:22
or nine Optical elements in here these
0:25
don't seem to do a great deal in terms
0:26
of electr magnification they're obiously
0:28
just about getting the image to where it
0:29
uh where it needs to be just so that
0:33
goes like that then this Optical block I
0:36
originally thought this was made of some
0:37
s crazy heavy material but it's just
0:39
really the sum of all these Optical bits
0:41
are just ridiculously heavy those lenses
0:43
are about 4 kilos each and then there's
0:45
this very heavy very solid um piece that
0:47
goes in the middle and this is so this
0:49
is the filter wheel assembly with a
0:51
hilariously oversized steper
0:53
motor driving this wheel with these very
0:57
large narrow band filters so we've got
1:00
various different shades of uh
1:03
filters there five Al together that
1:06
one's actually just showing up a silver
1:07
that's actually a a red but fairly low
1:10
transmission orangey red blue green
1:15
there's an excess cover on this side so
1:16
the filters can be accessed and changed
1:19
without taking anything else apart even
1:21
this is like ridiculous it's like solid
1:23
aluminium this is just basically a cover
1:25
the actual wavelengths of these are um
1:27
488 525 570 630 and 700 NM not sure what
1:32
the suffix on that perhaps that's the uh
1:34
the width of the spectral line say these
1:37
are very narrow band filters most of
1:39
them are you very little light through
1:41
so it's still very tight narrow band to
1:43
match the um fluoresence of the dies
1:45
they're using in the biochemical process
1:48
and obviously to reject the light that's
1:49
being fired at it from that Illuminator
1:51
box and then there's a there's a second
1:53
one of these lenses then the actual sort
1:55
of samples below that so uh very serious
1:58
amount of very uh chunky heavy Optics
2:01
okay let's take a look at this light
2:02
source made by company Lumen Dynamics
2:04
who are now part of
2:06
excelitas self-contained unit power
2:08
connector USB and this which one of the
2:11
Cable Bundle said was a TTL interface
2:14
USB wasn't used in uh the fluid
2:17
application output here and I think this
2:19
is an input for um light feedback I
2:21
don't if it's regulated or just a measur
2:23
measurement facility and the uh fiber
2:27
assembly
2:29
Square Inlet there and then there's two
2:32
outputs which have uh lens assemblies
2:35
and this small one which goes back into
2:37
that small Port just Loops out of here
2:40
straight back in So on this side we've
2:42
got the electronics which look pretty
2:44
straightforward we've got a bit of power
2:45
supply stuff over here and we've got
2:48
separate drivers for each wavelength now
2:50
interesting this is clearly been very
2:52
specifically made for this application
2:54
you I was half expecting like say some
2:56
generic drivers that could be used for a
2:58
number of different things but actually
3:00
literally specified the exact wavelength
3:02
on the PCB there is provision here for
3:04
385 NM which isn't populated but this is
3:07
clearly been designed very specifically
3:09
so these four drivers look the same but
3:10
then there's two higher power ones for
3:12
575 and
3:14
520 a slightly bigger heat sink on this
3:16
575 section there a p 24 which is
3:20
providing USB interface USB isolator the
3:23
USB interface just presents as a comport
3:26
I did have a quick look but I didn't
3:27
actually get anything sensible um I did
3:29
dump the Pi code out and there's a few
3:31
you a few sort of commands that you
3:32
could see in text but I didn't actually
3:34
manage to get it working properly I
3:36
found some software for related version
3:38
but it didn't seem to want to talk to it
3:39
but um I say that wasn't used for the
3:41
original application it might be quite
3:42
interesting to get try and get the Run
3:44
hours count out of it and the TTL
3:46
interface looks fairly straightforward
3:48
we've got positions for six opto
3:50
isolators but only five five are
3:52
installed so that corresponds with the
3:54
unused thing so I think this hopefully
3:56
should be as simple as just providing a
3:57
ttrl signal for each color to uh enable
4:00
it a big heat sink here which is there I
4:03
think there's like a big S of metal
4:04
plate through the middle of this that
4:05
all the leads are mounted on the other
4:07
side so this is heat sinking it with a
4:09
air flow from a uh just a fan in here
4:13
obviously don't have the air flow
4:14
anywhere near the Optics so conduction
4:17
cool through to this plate that's then
4:18
uh air cooled got some pots which are
4:21
presumably power
4:22
adjustments okay let's take a look at
4:24
the other side which is uh much more
4:27
interesting see we've got some uh very
4:31
uh neatly Twisted cable assemblies there
4:35
a bunch of leads so we've got one here
4:37
475 up here 430 NM 630 575 and 520
4:44
filters and dcro mirrors a quick way to
4:48
see what's white is if we just shine
4:49
some white light through
4:51
here not sure how it is is to see on the
4:54
camera but shining white light we do
4:55
actually get a bit of red a bit of blue
4:57
some yellow here so the obstacle path
5:00
575 it goes sort of here bounces off
5:03
this mirror and goes out the 520 goes
5:07
sort of down here across here and up
5:09
there 630 goes basically straight
5:13
through
5:15
430 goes across there down there along
5:17
there and the 475 goes down here and
5:20
left this is the light sensing thing
5:22
think here there's just a um I think
5:24
there a photo diode or other sensor
5:26
haven't actually taken that off and
5:28
everything's fixed down to this chunk of
5:31
aluminium which acts as the heat
5:32
spreader that then conducts the heat to
5:33
the back side for the heat
5:35
sink and the actual lead packages all
5:38
look fairly similar except for this one
5:41
on the 575 which looks quite a bit more
5:44
substantial big spay
5:46
Terminals and the interface for this
5:48
turned out to be extremely simple it's
5:50
literally a 5V TTL level to enable each
5:54
color doesn't seem to be any tensity
5:56
control but there are some additional
5:58
pins on that connector that weren't used
5:59
in the through time thing so maybe
6:01
there's some extra lines that control
6:02
that I couldn't find any data on this uh
6:05
unit and the um their current product
6:07
range is quite significantly different
6:09
so we've got the uh blue these
6:13
might may well be saturating the camera
6:16
so they might look a bit weird so that's
6:17
the 430
6:18
blue the 575
6:24
yellow uh
6:26
475 light blue
6:29
the uh 520
6:31
green and the uh 630 red now one
6:36
interesting thing I noticed for the
6:39
575 it's actually it's actually using a
6:42
white lead and then filtering it rather
6:44
than using all the other ones are using
6:46
leads which are the fundamental colors
6:47
but uh this is actually doing white and
6:50
it's a combination of this filter and
6:52
the dichroic mirrors that are turning to
6:55
Yellow if we take the filter out and a
6:57
lot of the a lot of the um blue content
7:00
is going this way the red is going
7:02
straight through these two mirrors so
7:05
this is clearly not reflecting much of
7:08
that so we end up with the yellow coming
7:10
out of uh out of there which is a fairly
7:14
light yellow color which you don't
7:16
really see from high intensity leads so
7:19
that's clearly why they've used the
7:20
white to uh do this power consumption of
7:23
the white is pretty high so going up to
7:25
about 2 and 1 half amps on that color
7:27
whereas most of the other colors are
7:28
only drawing half an amp or so at 24
7:30
volts the uh the green is up to about
7:32
1.2 but say this thing is uh much
7:35
brighter and if you actually run all the
7:38
colors at the same time you get a fairly
7:41
reasonable um looking white coming out
7:43
of it and one thing you might just be
7:45
out to notice is there is some sort
7:46
color banding around here that's not
7:49
getting uh everything s completely
7:51
concentric and I think that's where this
7:53
fiber optic thing comes
7:58
in I'll
8:00
get a couple of Fairly accurately shaped
8:04
very sort of uniform color and looking
8:06
at What's um inside here we've basically
8:09
just got this Square Rod so this is
8:12
clearly yeah the lights just bouncing
8:13
off all the all the various sides to um
8:16
get a nice uniform illumination uh this
8:19
back bit looks like it's all potted so
8:21
nothing I really do to get in there I
8:24
think this is fiber so I have come
8:26
across um cables like this which are
8:27
liquid fill but just looking through the
8:30
end of this it's probably a bit hard to
8:31
see it does look like there fiber ends
8:34
going going on there and so there's this
8:36
feedback thing which is just obviously
8:39
compensating for the any light losses
8:41
through here to get an accurate
8:43
representation of uh the light that's
8:45
been launched out of these two
8:47
fibers and you see uh
8:49
these have got this sort of trapezium
8:54
shape light guides again it's like a
8:56
sort of acrylic or glass light guide
9:00
guess projected just to make the right
9:03
rectangular
9:04
shape and look at this Center assembly
9:07
um the light output doesn't uh change
9:10
whether you feed this in or not so it's
9:11
clear not doing any internal Clos Loop
9:14
control obviously there may well be some
9:16
facility for it to do that but it's not
9:17
being used in this
9:19
application and so this output just
9:21
produces a voltage on the uh outle
9:24
connector proportional to the amount of
9:26
light that's present so there's a little
9:28
diffuser in the back there
9:30
and then there's just some kind of uh
9:33
Optical sensor looks like a
9:35
chip looking at the lead it's a very
9:37
small package on the PCB with this lens
9:40
assembly over the top and these look
9:43
like they're actually on a copper
9:44
Metalized PCB for maximum thermal
9:47
performance and yeah it's a very small
9:49
package looks like it's a ceramic
9:51
package and there's a thermister there
9:53
for temperature monitoring this is the
9:56
475 blue one this is the 520 need to
9:59
Green which is uh rather different OB
10:02
it's a much bigger D with lots of bond
10:04
wise but also this looks like it's using
10:05
a phosphor if I shine a blue light at it
10:08
lights up green so this is actually a
10:10
phosphor conversion green lead which
10:12
I've I've come across before they want
10:15
that specific wavelength so they may be
10:17
easier to tune a phosphor than tune the
10:20
um semiconductor material to get the uh
10:23
right right wavelength from the lead
10:24
directly uh red 630 similar size to the
10:28
blue one or does seem to have a uh a
10:31
lens on top of it there is a sort of red
10:33
coloring to
10:35
the die but that doesn't appear to be
10:38
fluorescent as far as I can
10:39
tell and the white one again a little
10:41
bit different sort of much higher
10:43
current
10:46
connectors a makeer name on that
10:48
connector flot light not sure if that's
10:52
the connector or the lead
10:54
itself and obviously with the phosphor
10:56
and I'd imagine that phosphor may well
10:58
be tuned to get the maximum to the uh 5
11:01
cenm and actually this white one looks
11:04
like a St fairly standard product I just
11:06
found it in Mouse made by luminous
11:09
devices in fact actually I think all
11:11
these are based on various luminous
11:13
devices modules and they're you take
11:17
looks like they taking the nearest
11:18
wavelength and then just using these
11:19
filters to clean it up to get a precise
11:22
uh spectral line out of it so quite a
11:25
nice neat and um extreme
11:30
bright light source uh sure I've got any
11:33
particular use for it so I think this
11:35
might end up on
11:36
eBay but uh very pretty to look out and
11:40
without the uh risk of burning your eyes
11:43
out like you do with lasers so I thought
11:45
it would be interesting to try and
11:46
figure out the runtime of this things
11:48
like this we usually keep some sort
11:49
record of runtime cuz leads degrade over
11:51
time I couldn't get any software to work
11:52
through the USB face but then had a
11:54
thought probably going to be writing the
11:55
runtime periodically to the e s prom so
11:58
I just just scope up that and noticed it
12:00
was doing right every 5 minutes so I
12:02
just ran it for a while periodically
12:04
reading the E squ I just held the pick
12:05
in in reset and um put clip over to read
12:07
the square prom and found it was writing
12:10
one location per color every 5 minutes
12:12
so if one color was on it would write
12:14
that location every 5 minutes and just
12:16
increment it by one so after doing a few
12:18
tests with different colors of different
12:19
time periods it looked extremely
12:21
straightforward it's like a four bite
12:22
count for each color looking at the
12:24
original data that was in it all the
12:26
colors apart from Green were reading
12:28
zero and the green was reading four
12:30
indicating a total 20 minutes run time
12:32
ever if it was turned on run for a short
12:34
time then turned off that might not have
12:36
been counted but even so indicates this
12:37
thing wasn't used a great deal the whole
12:40
s process of doing a run can be several
12:42
hours but it'll only be doing probably
12:43
the Imaging at the end of that so you
12:46
wouldn't expect to be running for a long
12:47
time but say a single color for 20
12:50
minutes over its whole lifetime does
12:52
seem a little bit on the low side okay
12:55
let's look at the camera un fortunately
12:57
I managed to not record any sound when I
12:58
did this it's also a couple of months
13:00
ago so there's going to be a few details
13:02
that I've forgotten so I'm just going to
13:04
dub this over the original footage so um
13:07
take the lid off see this massive great
13:10
heat sink so this is a pel cool camera
13:12
we've got this blower fan producing a
13:14
fair amount of air flow through
13:16
it the connector here there's the ccds
13:19
mounted on the board on the
13:24
right this unplugs so we've got a bit of
13:27
power supply stuff on here
13:29
USB interface I think that's the Cyprus
13:32
microcontroller High speeded USB
13:34
interface there's a zyink spon fpga some
13:40
RAM and there's a couple of ATD
13:42
converters can't quite read what those
13:45
those are but anal
13:47
devices um little bit of bodgery around
13:51
here extra decoupling obviously they
13:53
have having some noise issues this is
13:55
around the ram chip quite a lot of extra
13:57
capacitors been added there
13:59
uh there's a couple of amplifiers prior
14:01
to the HD converter buffers or Andor
14:05
amplifiers taking the CCD
14:08
signal um bit more power spy stuff here
14:11
this is probably all to do with
14:12
generating the various CCD bias voltages
14:14
they uh need quite a lot of exotic
14:18
voltages next board down is just a
14:20
shield and an interconnect
14:24
boardly shielding the power supply stuff
14:26
from some the more sensitive an log
14:28
stuff
14:31
and this is the bottom board which is
14:32
just all power supply
14:34
stuff as you can see tons of capacitors
14:37
or Transformer in
14:42
there and this is the CCD which is a uh
14:47
very impressive thing this is a kf50 100
14:50
originally by true sense then codec
14:53
there ON
14:54
Semiconductor it's 50 megapixels uh the
14:58
only price I could find was this one
15:00
5,000 bucks and the architecture you can
15:03
see there actually two separate halves
15:04
which explains the Dual AZ converters
15:06
and two amplifiers it's literally split
15:08
down the middle and duplicated so it's
15:10
outputting two streams in parallel just
15:13
to keep the bandwidth sensible and it's
15:15
got this amazing um diffraction effects
15:18
it's got micro lenses over the pixel so
15:20
there's there's a bit more Optics going
15:22
on than on a normal
15:25
sensor few more bodges on the CCD board
15:28
including this wire which isn't really
15:29
tacked down very well which is a bit uh
15:32
bit of a mess quite a few bits around
15:34
this board where they've uh tacked
15:36
various bits on which is not super
15:38
impressive looks like CCD drivers on the
15:40
left with those 3 ohm um damping
15:43
resistors on the
15:47
output get a few more little bodges
15:50
around here some of
15:52
the and there's this separator the
15:54
silica gel to keep the moisture down but
15:56
there's this separator that actually
15:58
appears to be cut from piece of
15:59
antistatic
16:04
bag and this sort of thermal block on
16:06
top of this stack of three pel Cola
16:12
modules so as with any Stacks they get
16:16
um larger as they go back towards the
16:18
heat sink because each P's got to not
16:20
only take the heat from the previous but
16:21
also the waste heat which is quite
16:27
significant you see a little temperature
16:29
sensor here that copper block which
16:32
makes contact with the back of the
16:37
CCD and this's the back of the
16:40
pelas this then contacts the heat sink
16:44
on the uh rear there a few thermal pads
16:46
as well for some of the other power
16:47
components on this
16:51
PCB okay I've connected this uh camera
16:54
up I found some drivers on the disc that
16:56
seem to work under Windows 7 couldn't
16:58
get to install under Windows 11 though
17:01
um in the absence of any sort of lens or
17:03
being bothered to the proper amount I've
17:04
just put some f over it and put a little
17:06
pin in there to make a pinhole lens and
17:08
software gives a few options I'm not
17:11
entirely sure what all these are there's
17:12
obviously a clock frequency 22 MHz low
17:15
gain and with PFG no idea what that is
17:19
something something game programmable
17:20
Something game perhaps ver exposure
17:23
types I think focus is just like a
17:25
continuous grab until you tell it to
17:27
stop not entirely sure all these options
17:30
are obviously exposure time uh triggers
17:33
there ex external hardware trigger inut
17:35
you just trigger using a um thing on
17:37
screen so the resolution is 8176 by
17:40
6132 and you can actually bin those
17:42
where you combine multiple pixels to get
17:46
increased gain at the expense of lower
17:48
resolution down this is a 10sec exposure
17:51
obviously of the pin hole it's very uh
17:53
intensitive so we just stand still now
17:56
downloading it there's the uh exposure
17:59
so when it's
18:01
um there's a little status thing down
18:03
here so that tells you the um exposure
18:07
[Applause]
18:09
time it's this is just it
18:15
downloading um it is quite I'm seeing
18:18
quite a lot like smearing I think that I
18:20
don't know whether that's just due to
18:21
pixels overloading or something else I
18:24
mean yeah it's not it's not um out of
18:26
the question that there's something not
18:27
totally right about this camera
18:28
certainly was bodge wise on there um I
18:31
don't I'd imagine a camera like this
18:32
it's got a fairly narrow range of
18:34
intensities that it's happy with I'm not
18:36
going to spend a great deal of time on
18:38
this if you're interested in this camera
18:40
maybe for astronomy or something and
18:42
happy to sort of take the risk of it may
18:44
not be uh perfect I'll um I think I'll
18:47
stick this on eBay along with the
18:48
Illuminator I'll put a link down in the
18:50
description to the listing take your
18:52
chances to grab a bargain so for example
18:54
here we see this vertical streaking so
18:56
I'm not sure how normal that is this is
18:58
on fairly bright scene looking out the
19:02
window if I cut the exposure time down
19:04
on that it's now 1 second
19:07
exposure again most of the image
19:09
disappears again this is looks like it's
19:11
possibly over still overloading here go
19:14
that go down to say say quarter a
19:16
second so again I think there might be
19:19
some Auto gain control going on here um
19:21
this is with the PFG option let's try
19:23
turning that off and see what
19:25
happens so I'm not sure this is actually
19:27
more streaking or which just it's
19:29
cranked up the gain all the dis display
19:31
gray scale to show what um you know the
19:33
range of things that it's captured
19:36
there's one of one of 12 things in the
19:38
software there's um you can see of you
19:40
can't seem to read out the temperature
19:42
of the pelta cooler but you can set the
19:44
temperature and if you said it's a
19:46
different temperature you see the power
19:48
consumption jump up running the cooler
19:50
to get the temperature you requested but
19:52
I can't see anything anywhere that tells
19:54
you whether the cool is at the at the
19:56
temperature other than the power
19:57
consumption going down and there's no
19:59
temperature read out
20:03
here and just some yeah this is just
20:05
sort of very basic software I'm sure
20:07
there's like an API for more
20:09
sophisticated
20:10
applications but so if you know anything
20:12
more about these cameras please um stick
20:14
in the
20:15
comments um incidentally when I was
20:18
editing I didn't notice there was a bent
20:19
pin on the um CCD but I did fix that
20:22
before doing these tests and also
20:24
reactivated the um silica gel desicant
20:26
cuz I noticed it was uh I was getting
20:28
bit of condensation on the window but um
20:31
yeah so a couple of uh interesting but
20:34
maybe not particularly uh useful pieces
20:37
of Kit except for someone that's got a
20:38
very specific use so um I'll stick a
20:42
I'll stick these on eBay put a link in
20:44
the description and say hopefully
20:45
someone could actually make some uh good
20:47
use of these things
Example Output:
**Abstract:**
This video presents Part 2 of a teardown focusing on the optical components of a Fluidigm Polaris biotechnology instrument, specifically the multi-wavelength illuminator and the high-resolution CCD camera.
The Lumen Dynamics illuminator unit is examined in detail, revealing its construction using multiple high-power LEDs (430nm, 475nm, 520nm, 575nm, 630nm) combined via dichroic mirrors and filters. A square fiber optic rod is used to homogenize the light. A notable finding is the use of a phosphor-converted white LED filtered to achieve the 575nm output. The unit features simple TTL activation for each color, conduction cooling, and internal homogenization optics. Analysis of its EEPROM suggests extremely low operational runtime.
The camera module teardown showcases a 50 Megapixel ON Semiconductor KAF-50100 CCD sensor with micro-lenses, cooled by a multi-stage Peltier stack. The control electronics include an FPGA and a USB interface. Significant post-manufacturing modifications ("bodges") are observed on the camera's circuit boards. Basic functional testing using vendor software and a pinhole lens confirms image capture but reveals prominent vertical streaking artifacts, the cause of which remains uncertain (potential overload, readout artifact, or fault).
**Exploring the Fluidigm Polaris: A Detailed Look at its High-End Optics and Camera System**
* **0:00 High-End Optics:** The system utilizes heavy, high-quality lenses and mirrors for precise imaging, weighing around 4 kilos each.
* **0:49 Narrow Band Filters:** A filter wheel with five narrow band filters (488, 525, 570, 630, and 700 nm) ensures accurate fluorescence detection and rejection of excitation light.
* **2:01 Customizable Illumination:** The Lumen Dynamics light source offers five individually controllable LED wavelengths (430, 475, 520, 575, 630 nm) with varying power outputs. The 575nm yellow LED is uniquely achieved using a white LED with filtering.
* **3:45 TTL Control:** The light source is controlled via a simple TTL interface, enabling easy on/off switching for each LED color.
* **12:55 Sophisticated Camera:** The system includes a 50-megapixel Kodak KAI-50100 CCD camera with a Peltier cooling system for reduced noise.
* **14:54 High-Speed Data Transfer:** The camera features dual analog-to-digital converters to manage the high data throughput of the 50-megapixel sensor, which is effectively two 25-megapixel sensors operating in parallel.
* **18:11 Possible Issues:** The video creator noted some potential issues with the camera, including image smearing.
* **18:11 Limited Dynamic Range:** The camera's sensor has a limited dynamic range, making it potentially challenging to capture scenes with a wide range of brightness levels.
* **11:45 Low Runtime:** Internal data suggests the system has seen minimal usage, with only 20 minutes of recorded runtime for the green LED.
* **20:38 Availability on eBay:** Both the illuminator and camera are expected to be listed for sale on eBay.
Here is the real transcript. What would be a good group of people to review this topic? Please summarize provide a summary like they would:
Old Coopers review.. (https://www.youtube.com/@euanthecooper) euanthecooper (https://www.youtube.com/@euanthecooper) 82.7K subscribers Join 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 K Share Ask Save 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 views Feb 11, 2026 Reviewing 3 of the best old Cooperage videos out there.. unfortunately couldn’t find my favourite old video of a French Cooper. When I find it will review. Let me know what you think guys 🙏✌️ Old Coopers reviewed: euanthecooper analyzes vintage coopering techniques, showcasing cask construction from Germany and Norway. The videos highlight traditional tools and methods, offering insights into the craft's evolution. Discover centuries-old skills in action. Summary Ask Get answers, explore topics, and more Ask questions Transcript Follow along using the transcript. Show transcript euanthecooper82.7K subscribers (https://www.youtube.com/@euanthecooper) Videos (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGB0aKcaJlo_rwbYYnTEC2g/videos) About (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGB0aKcaJlo_rwbYYnTEC2g/about) Instagram (https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=Watch_SD_EP&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbVktdzhJN1JfUnNXbGxCX01aT2JKNkpUUTVYUXxBQ3Jtc0tsVHdDeWYwRHMzVkFsWWZFaGt5OEVxeTQ5X3VIM0VWSm5LOGhSWUt6Y1RpSzY3dWhfdHRXVWFmRFJ6ZkRETXJ0NGRLTXp1cTlYY1E4LWZFQXJ5SzRGeEJfSy04anF6LWdKZWtLTjVUNXMzVk5vUGtOZw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Feuanthecooper%2F) TikTok (https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=Watch_SD_EP&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbXpOOXF1cUVMOU9WeHBlcnJsV0pkZzdLZDZGZ3xBQ3Jtc0trOThYSGVBZzNWbmdrb2ZwWUxobGd3WnF6YVJiNnZTTTc2MFdJYVd5V05IeWttOTVVNmpiOGpOeVJnNXFTdzd2NlJwMndZRUhSWmpZWUZCT2dJZ1NSV1A4WDQ2cmJIOENyaUhGWHVNc3NWNUEtZEN0cw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiktok.com%2F%40euanthecooper%3F_r%3D1%26_t%3DZN-92RX4Owm0MY) 147 CommentsAdd a comment... @trulsdirio (https://www.youtube.com/@trulsdirio) 17 hours ago (edited) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgwhSY7IwnOw17dL9ZR4AaABAg&pp=0gcJCSIANpG00pGi) The first one is originally uploaded on the "Alltagskulturen im Rheinland" channel and apparently it is a cask made for apple wine. The video is 30 minutes long and narrated, so probably a lot of the questions you had could be answered, tho it is in German and subtitles are only auto generated. If you are interested I could sit down and do a translation of the entire video, if you want to react to it in it's entirety, or just get some of your questions answered. I really love the channel, as they have tons of videos on all sorts of old, mostly rural crafts and forgotten trades. 56 Reply @ScribbleTAS (https://www.youtube.com/@ScribbleTAS) 11 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgwhSY7IwnOw17dL9ZR4AaABAg.AT6LzyVi-39AT74SURCobK) I think going through the video again would be overkill, but maybe giving some more information on the video is probably good...The video was shot in the town of "Ellern" in the region of "Hunsrück"... Apparently the trade was already dying back then and this cooper had to rely on a restaurant to earn his living... 1 Reply Hide replies @d.yitzgoldstein3515 (https://www.youtube.com/@d.yitzgoldstein3515) 19 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgxljcFBKHcGVZd5IIh4AaABAg) British Pathé have a bunch of historical coopering videos in their archives from all around the world. I recall seeing Australia and Italy. Would love to see you review some of their archives!! 32 Reply @matthewb8229 (https://www.youtube.com/@matthewb8229) 14 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=Ugwl8cNNnSA3yhz8CKJ4AaABAg) I never realized how interested I'd be in coopering, but here I am. 9 Reply @jimgraves4197 (https://www.youtube.com/@jimgraves4197) 18 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgyJoA7sjrFI0zgO9bF4AaABAg) I love this look at the history of Coopering. This is a skill that we can't lose. 13 Reply @Bbeaucha88 (https://www.youtube.com/@Bbeaucha88) 14 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgyBdh9_X46bUSdPZ414AaABAg) Industrial advancement is wonderful and all but there is something special about someone keeping old crafts and methods alive. You gotta show love and respect to the crafts and craftsmen that got us to where we are today! 3 Reply @GraftingLad89 (https://www.youtube.com/@GraftingLad89) 19 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgzrzExYunKNSxmV_5V4AaABAg) Amazing to see how little this trade has changed over the years. 8 Reply 1 reply @vonkug (https://www.youtube.com/@vonkug) 18 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgwJQ8BxhPDoAVjjKwF4AaABAg) For herring, I imagine it's fish and salt, no water involved. 12 Reply 3 replies @arvidlindstrum-es2jp (https://www.youtube.com/@arvidlindstrum-es2jp) 16 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=Ugzh1qiUg3x_B9pnj8Z4AaABAg) Can't wait to see you show all your old tools 3 Reply @stevem7868-y4l (https://www.youtube.com/@stevem7868-y4l) 10 minutes ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=Ugw4ZzhSjMyVLFF1s8Z4AaABAg) Cracking Vid, i really enjoyed watching this, and you were so complementary, to these guys, making their Barrels Reply @janschuetz-mueller8045 (https://www.youtube.com/@janschuetz-mueller8045) 16 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgzFMR7XZ9Vh2FhUaZF4AaABAg) Great video! You could collaborate with a toolmaker to make some of these tools like the giant croze at 6:04 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&t=364s) of this video. Would be a fun series and great to see them get developed/made/tested/used.2 Reply @AllanBogh (https://www.youtube.com/@AllanBogh) 12 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgxZZgemuwl1Cv8Jf0Z4AaABAg) Great idea challenging yourself to make the different casks and tools. I can't wait to see your efforts! 1 Reply @MrGhostLt (https://www.youtube.com/@MrGhostLt) 7 hours ago (edited) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgygqTHWLIREB224GqN4AaABAg) the old German video 6:10 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&t=370s) , The fancy crow that sits over the chime when he cut, would like to see you have one in your shop.1 Reply @Joggelschorsch (https://www.youtube.com/@Joggelschorsch) 14 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgzsJWdUzA_pE3KYla14AaABAg) Super cool video! Really enjoyed this! 2 Reply @Mitch_Ryder (https://www.youtube.com/@Mitch_Ryder) 16 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgzEXjdcRo4o_LCOSLt4AaABAg) Great video. Looking forward to seeing you recreate their methods. 1 Reply @Bazza_The_Great (https://www.youtube.com/@Bazza_The_Great) 13 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgxMlSJmmOa-UTpg0kV4AaABAg) I do a bit of woodturning. My whole family knows that I am always looking for interesting wood. So regularly, people bring me pieces of tress. There is something really nice about taking a piece of a tree, turning it into lumber and then making something out of it. It is more satisfying than buying some lumber and making something. The best was my Dad found a cherry burl while out hunting. He cut the tree down and I turned it into more usable pieces on my bandsaw. If I get a piece too large for my bandsaw, I start by splitting it with a maul and wedges. 1 Reply @Rogaviking (https://www.youtube.com/@Rogaviking) 18 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgyZIW07qVhyLhABcdh4AaABAg) wow :P the last one (from Norway) is like an 1,5 hours drive from me xD 2 Reply @EliotChildress (https://www.youtube.com/@EliotChildress) 12 hours ago (edited) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=Ugw1iRKxLQNwXNMAM2Z4AaABAg) I’m a woodworker that uses and enjoys steam bending a lot. What’s so interesting to me is nowadays we tend to curve things before cutting the angles when making hollow forms. That way we just cut a flat surface onto a bent board. Cutting joint before bending seems so difficult to me. I’m very impressed. 1 Reply @wesleytenpierik1711 (https://www.youtube.com/@wesleytenpierik1711) 16 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgyNFWwWeRqyKJzBQUd4AaABAg) The herring parts for me as an dutch (NL) it kinda looks like the Village volendam an old fashion fishers Village and we dutch love herrings on a daily base, i never knew the nords like herrings two :) 1 Reply @grumpysstuff3743 (https://www.youtube.com/@grumpysstuff3743) 18 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgyAVJDmSko5SGYBmV54AaABAg) Fantastic, thanks for the interesting video 2 Reply @IncompetentPlayer (https://www.youtube.com/@IncompetentPlayer) 18 hours ago (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEoQ62NyIVg&lc=UgycR3meK74OPs1JNrN4AaABAg) React to old boat building. Its just bigger half barrel floating xP 3 Reply Transcript 0:00 Hello guys. This is the first episode of 0:02 Cooper Reviews where I'm going to go 0:03 over three old Coopering videos. Some of 0:05 the best ones out on the internet as 0:07 there are hardly any out there. So, this 0:09 is why one of the reasons I'm on the 0:11 internet is to put more out there. Uh, 0:13 so let's get into it. The first video, 0:15 we are in Germany 1962 and the man is 0:19 huing his staves. Okay. So, I've never 0:22 actually done this before, but this is 0:23 one of the things that I want to do is 0:25 get quarter saw my own um timber, go and 0:29 chop down a tree. I find a tree that's 0:30 fallen down ideally, and then go and 0:32 start listing and hollowing. Um, sorry, 0:35 that's what I do already. Start huing my 0:37 own um staves and milling them. So, 0:39 that's what he's doing here. He's just 0:41 hewing his staves, just using his axe 0:43 just to remove all the soft wood off the 0:45 edges and get to the bit of wood he 0:47 wants in the middle. So, this is oak 0:50 that he's making this cask for out of. 0:52 I'm unsure um what he's making it for. 0:56 Whether it's wine or beer, it's not 0:59 going to be whiskey. Where he is, I 1:00 really doubt, but it might be some other 1:02 spirit. Could be water for all we know 1:04 or milk. I have no idea. So, what he's 1:06 doing now is all them staves that he got 1:08 into a rough shape, all he's doing is 1:10 stacking them up and it goes screen goes 1:11 blank and we come back the next day, a 1:13 few hours later, who knows? And he's now 1:16 got a template. So everything I do is 1:17 with I he's actually got a template 1:19 which sounds like a good idea. I'm not 1:21 entirely sure how that works. Obviously 1:23 he's not around anymore to pick his 1:24 brains unfortunately. But I'll need to 1:26 get over Germany and see if there's any 1:27 more coopers like him. He might have a 1:29 grandson. All right. So he's onto his 1:31 horse now and all he's doing is just 1:32 backing this Dave and hollowing it. This 1:35 is just standard stuff. So hopefully 1:37 this skips through pretty quickly. Yeah. 1:39 Now he's just listing it. No, he's not. 1:41 He's jointing it. Sorry. So he's using 1:44 um 1:47 his jointer to joint the staves. So he's 1:50 jointing a bunch of staves. Obviously 1:52 these are hogs head staves. And every 1:54 stave here that he's doing is a 1:55 different length. This is the really 1:56 peculiar part in what is his coopering 1:59 which made me thought he was doing a 2:00 terrible job. But the bit that he is 2:02 doing now is focusing his efforts and 2:04 finding the center of the stave. He 2:06 doesn't necessarily care about the 2:07 length. All he cares about is finding 2:09 his center at the belly. So now he's 2:12 stacking his all his staves up. Once 2:14 again, I'm not sure why he's doing this 2:16 um because they're all stood up in a 2:18 second when he comes to raising it. But 2:22 here we are. So come on. 2:25 So now he's got a big set of staves. 2:27 They're all listed and jointed and ready 2:29 to go. Now he's got the help of his son 2:32 or his grandson, who knows? And he's 2:34 raising the cask. He's cheating and he's 2:35 getting a clip. But I mean, looking at 2:38 the length and the shape of his staves, 2:40 I'm not surprised to be honest with you. 2:43 So, yeah, just using the help of his 2:45 grandson, our son, he's going to get 2:47 this cask raised. So, now that he's 2:49 raising it, he's actually using a very 2:52 handy tool in a second that you're going 2:53 to see that I actually made earlier that 2:55 I've reviewed a couple of times. 3:01 There it is. He's using it. It's a 3:04 tremendous tool. So it's basically a 3:07 driver with a stick on it and it just 3:09 saves you from getting your hands hit. 3:10 So all he's doing here now is like I 3:12 say, he found the center of the stave. 3:14 That is where he's focusing his efforts 3:15 on. That is the most important thing for 3:16 him here. He doesn't care about lining 3:18 off the edges. That's what I usually get 3:20 told to focus my efforts on. All he 3:22 cares about is the center of the staves. 3:23 He's got all the pencil marks nice and 3:25 line. And now he's coming to bend in the 3:27 cask. So he's already got his fire lit 3:29 in his crescent. He's going to drop the 3:30 cask on top. 3:32 And then I presume he's going to get 3:34 some water. know he's going to get some 3:35 hoops on there. Get them tight. 3:40 Yep. Using his fancy hammer and driver. 3:44 I'm trying to remember the name of it. 3:45 It's got a name. It'll come to me. So, 3:49 yeah, he's just getting that cask wet 3:50 now because ideally if you're just fire 3:52 bending uh casks, you get a lot of 3:54 broken staves and you don't want that. 3:57 Um so, getting it getting some moisture 3:59 into them staves, ideally you want to 4:00 put them in steam beforehand. 4:02 um which is what I do, which is what 4:04 some Cooper do in this in the future 4:06 videos. Um but yeah, so now he's just 4:09 using some like handmade windless sort 4:12 of thing out of a chain and a bit of 4:13 wood, but if it works, it works. Can't 4:15 knock it. And all he's trying to do is 4:18 you want to bend the cask so much from 4:20 one point, but then to get the hook to 4:22 drive it down from the other side, it's 4:23 pretty difficult. So he's really he's 4:25 using his mate there just to get it 4:26 really squeezed in so he can start 4:28 driving the hoops down from the other 4:29 side. But it's just onto the fire now. 4:32 And just as he gets them hoops driven 4:34 all the way down. So he just needed the 4:36 help of his mate just to get the it's 4:38 probably his son I I presume and then it 4:40 was his grandson that was helping him 4:41 raise it. I wonder. 4:44 So see yeah just using the driver to get 4:46 it down. It's really effective. I 4:47 wouldn't mind. So that's just a little 4:49 metal bit is one of them. So the actual 4:51 whole driver shaft is just a little 4:53 metal bit with a metal shoe. People have 4:56 um suggested making my whole usual 4:58 driver shift shaft that I hold in my 5:00 hand out of metal and but there'd be too 5:02 much vibrations on that. It wouldn't be. 5:04 So all he was doing there was once again 5:06 going to his center mark that he found 5:08 he drew earlier that he was really 5:10 emphasiz like that was his main focus. 5:13 He didn't care about the ends. And this 5:14 is why he didn't care about the ends 5:16 because he took his compass, found that 5:18 center line that he drew earlier, drew 5:20 some lines on his chimes, got them all 5:22 level, and now he's using his bow saw 5:24 just to cut it level. Once again, great 5:26 idea. Actually, I would have never 5:28 thought of that. I would have if I'm if 5:29 my journeyman saw me doing that. He 5:32 would have he would have gone mad. He 5:33 would say, "What are you doing?" And so 5:35 would I if I saw anyone doing it until 5:37 I've seen this video. And the cast that 5:38 he makes at the end is undeniable. So, 5:40 what he's doing now, he's going to start 5:41 cutting the chime. Some of it was quite 5:43 rough, which I'm not surprised. He was 5:44 just using a chisel and a hammer just to 5:46 break some of that off. And now he's 5:48 using some I don't know what this is. I 5:51 would It was using some you'd call it a 5:54 a 5:56 or a crumb knife initially, but then he 5:58 went into some sort of handheld scraping 6:00 tool I've not seen before. But then this 6:01 tool is really fancy. So this is like a 6:03 big fancy crows that sits onto the top 6:07 of the chime that he has cut flush. So 6:10 this shouldn't really go anywhere. It's 6:11 really quite genius and to it takes a 6:14 lot less effort than what my usual uh sh 6:17 crows would use. I mean, he had to put a 6:19 fair bit of work in to cut the chev, but 6:21 the way he cut the crows uh was was 6:23 really good. All right. So, now what 6:25 he's doing is hooping it up. So, I buy 6:26 my hoops pre-played in. The way he's 6:28 doing this is a really uh thick steel as 6:32 well. So, I'm not surprised the way he 6:33 punches his rivets as well. Um so, he 6:36 actually uses a a punch to punch his 6:39 rivets. No, you're not going to get um a 6:41 rivet through and one on that. So, he's 6:43 just going to pre- punch his holes. Just 6:45 get them roughly in place. And then, 6:47 yeah, I suppose hammer his rivet 6:49 straight through that. But actually, no, 6:50 he's going to add display onto that cuz 6:52 that's still a straight bit of steel 6:53 right there. We don't want that. So, 6:55 what he's going to do, so we've I don't 6:57 know if you noticed earlier, but you've 6:58 actually wrapped around a bit of string 7:00 around the cask, and that was just to 7:01 get the size of the hoop. And now he's 7:03 come up to the bit of steel, sizing it 7:04 to the bit of steel, and now cutting it 7:06 to that size. And now that he's cut it 7:08 to that size, he's already pre- punched 7:10 his rivet holes. 7:12 He's going to add display onto the hoop. 7:13 So, he's taken a straight bit of steel. 7:15 And to do that, you just start basically 7:17 tapping on the inside of it. And that is 7:19 what creates the curve. So, you can see 7:20 it curving up as it is. This is a really 7:23 rough hook, though. I mean, 7:27 it is, but I mean, it's a beautiful cast 7:28 he makes at the end. So, it's 7:30 undeniable. It's undeniable. No, it does 7:32 the job. I mean, and this is 1962. I'm 7:34 talking 60 years later. And I've got 7:37 iPhones in front of me and stuff like 7:38 that. It's no wonder. Yeah. 7:41 But no, he does a cracking job. So, he's 7:43 just gonna mushroom that rivet over. He 7:45 actually rivets the rivets from the 7:47 inside, which is interesting. When I do 7:49 it, I do it on the outside. But yeah, he 7:51 gets the jobs done. So, that's it. He's 7:53 going to get that hoop onto the cask. 7:55 And what's he going to do next? 7:59 So, now that he's just going to head it 8:00 up. So, the way he cuts in his heads is 8:02 hella interesting. So, I'll I've already 8:04 shown you how I cut my heads. If you've 8:06 not seen him, go back into the video. 8:07 But he's just using his bracing bit. 8:09 Yeah, I do this stuff. This is just 8:10 standard. In fact, he's doing it exactly 8:12 the same way I do it, but I'm pretty 8:14 confident these doubles that he's 8:16 picking up here. He's made himself. Look 8:18 at them. They're not exactly like 8:19 perfectly level or anything like that, 8:21 which I've never done that. He's He's 8:23 beating me on that one. I'll need to do 8:24 that someday. Homemade homemade devils. 8:28 So yeah, he's just getting a bit of rush 8:29 in between the doubles in between the 8:31 groove uh joints and the head. 8:34 Bang that together. Get the can on 8:37 there. The can as the edge piece on the 8:39 head using his compass to get the size. 8:41 You want to go six points round. 8:44 He's going to go over to his head now 8:46 and scribe that in. 8:49 So the way that he cuts his head, 8:50 usually it's always done in your block. 8:52 He's just doing it on his bench. Maybe 8:53 it's a block. I don't know. I can't 8:54 really see. I do it with my knife and 8:56 then I use my axe on the reverse side. 8:59 He's using a handheld planer, a knife, 9:04 but he's doing a cracking job and he's 9:06 got the job done now. Looks really good. 9:11 Yes. So, I mean, I wish there was more 9:12 Coopering videos. I mean, this is a 9:15 really good one. 1962. I mean, when 9:17 Coopering was at its most prominent, 9:19 obviously cameras weren't too um too 9:23 common then either. When Coopering was 9:26 really common, cameras weren't. So, 9:27 unfortunately, we haven't got too many 9:29 videos, but these are some of the best 9:30 old videos. So, he's just pulling his 9:32 head in now. He's going to use a lifter 9:34 instead of a knocker uper because he's 9:35 not put his bung hole in yet. He's just 9:37 going to use a lifter 9:39 and hit that up, which is quite an 9:41 interesting way that he's doing that. 9:42 I've never done it like that way before. 9:44 I wish these guys were still around so I 9:46 could pick their brains. But yeah, he's 9:47 just getting a bit of rush there. Using 9:49 his flag and iron. Oh, he dropped it. 9:51 He's using his flag and iron and just to 9:53 open up the joints in between the staves 9:55 so he can put some rush in between uh 9:59 the chime. 10:03 And he's also flagging some in between 10:05 um the groove between the head and the 10:07 chime as well. Just getting it all nice 10:09 and sealed. Exactly the same way I do 10:10 it. Exactly the same way all koopers do 10:12 it everywhere. have they always have. 10:15 All right, so the cask is really looking 10:16 good now. I didn't think it would when I 10:18 first started watching this video the 10:19 first time I watched it, but now he's 10:21 just going around with a little scraper, 10:24 getting it nice and tidy, looking at 10:26 making it look pretty. So now he's 10:29 getting his bracing bit, putting a 10:31 bigger bit in there just to start 10:32 drilling the bung hole. 10:36 Looks good, though. It's a really nice 10:37 cask, isn't it? I'd be really curious to 10:39 know what it's for. Who knows? It's such 10:40 a mystery. All we know is it's Germany 10:43 1962. And this guy's very good at his 10:45 job. So now he's just putting the 10:47 keystone in there. This is where the tap 10:49 gets banged into the cast so you can 10:51 usually fill it up from the bung hole. 10:53 And then you empty it from the keystone. 10:56 So I presume he's just giving it a bit 10:58 of an oil here. Bit of a tidy. And then 11:00 the name of the video if you want to go 11:02 and watch that guys comes up in a 11:03 second. And that is that cask finished 11:05 in the first video reviewed. Bloody 11:08 good. Cooper that guy is though in 11:09 Germany 1962. the driver. That's where I 11:12 got the inspiration to make this from. 11:14 And the second one, this one's a bit 11:15 newer. This is 1982, 11:18 also in Germany, as most of them are, to 11:20 be fair. There's there's a one in 11:22 Guinness that I reviewed in a short 11:23 couple of weeks ago, and that's a 11:25 brewery cuping, which is exactly the 11:26 same type of cuping that I do, but this 11:28 is white couping. And so, this guy is 11:31 making a wine jug, and it's very 11:34 impressive what he does at the end. I 11:35 actually want to try and recreate this 11:37 video and make the wine jug myself. So, 11:40 very similar, exactly the same as what 11:42 the guy was doing in the last video. He 11:43 was queuing his um staves, getting them 11:46 into a rough shape. Now, he's just onto 11:48 his horse back and hollowing them. Once 11:51 again, just giving them a rough shape. 11:52 On high stacked piles before, 11:54 you want to hollow the inside of the 11:56 staves because that's the way that 11:57 they're going to bend. So, it encourages 11:59 it to go that way, but it also increases 12:00 the capacity of the stave 12:04 and also thins it out in the middle. So, 12:05 when you're bending it, it bends a 12:06 little bit easier. and you back it so 12:08 that when you're raising it, it doesn't 12:09 raise with a bunch of edges so it's not 12:11 circular. When you take take the back 12:13 edges off the stave, it turns circular 12:15 so you can raise it into a circle, which 12:17 is good. So, all he's doing now is just 12:19 using his bow saw is just cutting the 12:21 staves level. 12:22 The wood is huing a few more staves on 12:25 the chopping block. 12:26 This is one thing I've never actually 12:27 done either is like huing staves like 12:28 that either. So, it's it's one thing you 12:31 we're going to get some watching me 12:33 practice videos getting that stuff done. 12:34 So once again, this guy's got a 12:36 template. So the way that he's doing 12:38 this stage, the reason that this is so 12:40 difficult, and I've never done it 12:41 before, is because the angles that he's 12:43 putting on this um jug is going to be 12:46 wider at the bottom and tap it at the 12:48 top. So it's it changes shape. It's 12:50 very, very interesting. 12:53 So I don't actually know how he's done 12:54 that. So I'm going to have to try and 12:55 figure it out. Do some calculations in 12:57 my head. Trial and error, I presume. So 12:59 it might be an interesting video of me 13:00 trying to recreate this because I don't 13:02 really know how he's done it. But he's 13:04 just using scraping tools there just to 13:05 take the shape of the stave. They're 13:07 they're looking really good now. But as 13:09 you can see, they're wider on one end 13:10 and smaller on the other, narrow on the 13:12 other. 13:13 So he's just raising the cast for the 13:15 remains the remaining 13:16 once again using a clip now one by one, 13:19 but it is harder on the smaller ones 13:21 when the smaller cast are really fiddly. 13:24 But yeah, just grab grabbing all the 13:26 stays raising the cask. 13:28 And this is like the first stage in 13:30 assembling the cask is raising it 13:32 as the joint. It's a good challenge to 13:34 try and do this without a clip, but most 13:36 people do it with a clip, especially if 13:39 make your life harder. Why make your 13:41 life harder? 13:42 Hoops is called a shell or carcass. 13:45 Yeah. So, he's just getting some truss 13:46 hoops on there now so we can start the 13:48 bending process. Once again, this is 13:50 German loved drivers with a h a shaft on 13:53 there. Save their hands being sensible. 13:56 So, he's just putting it in steam here. 13:57 The previous guy didn't, but this is 20 13:59 years later. So, and he's probably got 14:01 better facilities. 14:03 So, this is like a fired generated 14:05 steamer, which is interesting. I wonder 14:07 how that works. 14:09 I think it just came to me in my head 14:11 then, but I mean, I wonder. Let me know 14:12 in the comments how you think it works. 14:14 All right, so yeah, he's just riveting 14:15 up his um putting the play onto his own 14:17 hoops once again. These look like nicer 14:19 bits of steel, a little bit more 14:20 pliable. 14:20 Shapes a piece of band iron into a hoop. 14:23 Yeah, definitely nicer bits of steel. 14:24 But once again, just adding the play. 14:26 It's nice and easy to do this. I'm going 14:27 to show you some videos later on. But 14:29 obviously when I'm doing this on a daily 14:31 basis and it's 2025, no 2026. I'm 14:34 getting my my pre-rolled hoops in. 14:36 Especially for my bread and butter. When 14:38 I'm making miniature stuff like this, 14:39 like when I recreate this video, I'm 14:41 going to have to make my own hoops. So 14:42 you'll see me do it then. 14:44 But yeah, so the cask is taking shape. 14:46 He's bent it now. 14:48 He's just getting his hoops on there. So 14:49 once again, he's punching it. But I 14:51 mean, for miniature hoops, I don't blame 14:53 him. I I don't try and hammer my rivets 14:55 through in a miniature. I actually 14:57 pre-drill them. I just get get my DeWalt 14:59 and pre-drill them and then just 15:01 mushroom them over using um I don't 15:03 actually try and um shape it using my 15:05 hammer face um on miniature hoops on 15:08 miniature rivets. Sorry. I use a domer 15:11 toolless 15:12 barrel. 15:14 So he actually got his hoops ready 15:16 before I thought he'd already bent his 15:18 cask. So he's actually got his hoops 15:19 ready before he's bent it. So, I presume 15:21 he's made this a million times, so he 15:24 knows exactly what size it needs to be. 15:26 But, I mean, that's confidence right 15:27 there. Or he doesn't care where they end 15:28 up. 15:29 One of the two. 15:31 So, that's the cask now bent and he's 15:33 just going to take his hammer and 15:34 driver. 15:36 Just get the truss hoops tight on there. 15:39 Just so we don't get any breaks. We 15:40 don't want any breaks at this stage. 15:42 So, what's he going to do next to it? I 15:44 presume he's going to start cutting the 15:45 chime into the little miniature jug. It 15:48 doesn't really look too tapered at the 15:50 moment, does it? But it is. And I'm 15:53 telling you, that's a difficult thing to 15:55 do to get them angles correctly. And 15:57 especially for it to hold liquid as 15:58 well. 15:59 So now he's just cutting the chim in 16:01 there. Really hard to hold these little 16:03 casts in place. You can see he's 16:04 struggling. Even if he does this all the 16:05 time, he's struggling 16:10 all over the place. They do. They're 16:12 hard to hold. Um, so yeah, he's he's 16:14 doing a sensible thing and getting that 16:15 inner vice and getting that locked in 16:17 place. But even still in the vice, it's 16:19 locking. Get it tighter. Good idea. 16:22 Good idea. Get it tighter in there. 16:24 Nice. Now he's just going to finish 16:26 cutting the chain. And even still after 16:27 he's a No, it's taking the truss. 16:29 You got it tight on the truss, which 16:31 squeeze the cast out. Nightmare. 16:33 All right, so let's get the heads in 16:35 there. So he's actually loosening off 16:36 the No, he's not. He's getting tight. 16:38 A little bit too loose, I think. No, 16:39 it's bouncing off. 16:41 Camera shy. It happens, man. I feel him. 16:43 I feel him. I've had it before. 16:46 Right. So, that's it. So, they're just 16:48 getting He's using a bit of wood. Well, 16:49 a stave. Just a replacement stave, I 16:51 suppose. Stay from the side just to 16:53 knock the head in place. There we go. 16:55 It's really widening out at the bottom 16:56 now. But it'll tighten it in a bit as he 16:58 squeeze it in. Yeah. 17:00 Did it show how he sized up the head? I 17:02 didn't see him bring a compass out. I 17:03 hope he didn't just pre um cut his heads 17:06 and just guess. But if he did, once 17:08 again, that's confidence and skill right 17:10 there. Maybe we're watching a master at 17:12 work, but no, that's too much guess 17:14 work. Surely not. 17:17 All right, so he's getting the hoops off 17:18 and I presume he's gonna get the 17:19 finishes on. No, he's not. He's going to 17:20 scrape up the outside and put them back 17:22 in. 17:23 So, yeah, he's just going to use a 17:24 scraper, isn't he? 17:25 So, let's get it locked in place. Yeah. 17:28 And get your scraper. I've got a few 17:30 scrapers like this on them benches 17:31 behind me. I actually dug out all my old 17:33 benches and dug out about I don't know 17:36 30 40 different tools over there. I'm 17:38 going to start making videos and 17:40 restoring them and using them and 17:41 showing you exactly how I use them. Some 17:43 very old tools. 17:44 So, I'll show you the befores and 17:46 afters. But that is the video finished 17:47 and that is the jug. He has now got it 17:49 scraped and clean and got them hoops 17:51 back on it. Put a handle which I didn't 17:52 show in the video. But once again, you 17:54 can go and check that full video out. 17:55 And that's a lovely jug that he has 17:56 made. I'm going to recreate it. So, now 17:58 we're on the final video. We are now in 18:00 Norway. Uh 18:03 1966. Yes, it was 1966 cuz it was my 18:06 year my father was born. I remember that 18:08 one. Nice. So yeah, this is for hering. 18:11 Is it hering? Please tell me it was her. 18:13 Don't tell me I've forgotten the fish. 18:15 Ah, who cares? Fish is fish. All right. 18:17 So now he's just Yeah, he's making a 18:19 cast for fish now. 18:21 So I didn't really know that Norway was 18:23 big for Koopas, but I've got a couple on 18:25 Instagram actually that are still making 18:26 casks today. I wonder how similar they 18:29 are and if they're still for herring. 18:32 But yeah, Coopering is very old. This 18:33 video is actually entirely in Danish or 18:37 Norwegian. I don't know what the 18:38 language is. Sorry, I've forgotten. Um, 18:40 but yeah, it's a great video if you want 18:42 to check that one out. And same with all 18:43 these videos. These I've clipped a lot 18:45 of these, so they're not the full videos 18:46 in entirety. And obviously my face is 18:48 taking up half the screen. So if you 18:50 want to watch these full videos, go and 18:51 check them out. I'll put the links in 18:52 the description. But he's getting his 18:54 truss hips on now. 18:56 He's already listed his staves. He's 18:57 gotten them raised. He's gotten it 18:59 jointed. But now he's getting it onto 19:00 the fire. I wonder I think he's just 19:02 going to put a toast on there. He's not 19:03 charring this. 19:05 But it's pine. You can see this would 19:08 never hold beer this cask. You can see 19:09 all the knots in the timber and stuff 19:11 like that. And I think I don't even 19:12 think they put water in there. Um I 19:15 don't even think these hold water when 19:16 they put the fish in there. I think they 19:17 just put the fish in as they are raw. I 19:20 don't know. Someone educate me in the 19:22 comments. I'm a brewery cooker. This is 19:24 what I specialize in. I don't 19:25 necessarily know what they do for 19:27 herring. That's the wind. It's herring, 19:29 isn't it? I don't know. Uh yeah, I don't 19:31 know what they do for herring over in 19:32 Scandinavia. 19:34 So yeah, he's just pulling it in using 19:36 his handheld windless. I could really do 19:37 with one of these. My one doesn't look 19:38 anywhere near as old or as cool as that. 19:40 But I'll show you my one in the future. 19:42 And I'm additionally going to make casks 19:43 out of softwood because softwood is a 19:46 different ballgame. Everything I work 19:47 with is quarters on oak. It's incredibly 19:49 hard. 19:51 Um so you got to keep your blades 19:53 incredibly sharp. I mean, so an a sharp 19:55 blade cutting for the the soft wood, I'm 19:57 hoping will make me look like a a real 20:00 pro, but we'll see. So, you can you can 20:02 hold me to that one. So, yeah, he's just 20:04 pull he's done with his windless now. 20:06 He's just got that end hoop on there, so 20:07 he can start driving that down from the 20:09 other side. 20:11 He's going to get another couple of 20:12 hoops on there just for security. We 20:14 don't want no brakes at this point. And 20:16 also, when you get hoops below the one 20:17 on top, it makes it easier to drive the 20:19 one on top down. So, it's good when you 20:22 start driving the one on top, get that 20:24 tight, go back to the one below, get 20:26 that tight, back to the one on top, so 20:27 on and so forth until the whole thing is 20:29 tight. So, now he's going to start 20:31 cutting the chime. I can't tell if it's 20:33 Yeah, it's a that he's using just 20:35 to cut the initial slope into the chime. 20:36 I mean, he's doing it really quick. Like 20:38 I say, it's soft wood. You wouldn't be 20:39 able to do this with oak like that. 20:41 Not on that angle on the end grain. No, 20:43 I don't think you could. So, we're using 20:44 ads to do that. It's not shown how he's 20:47 leveled off the top. I assume it would 20:48 have been a top and plane, but now he's 20:50 using a shiv. And I mean, he's just 20:51 gliding through that. Look how quickly 20:53 he cuts through that. It's insane. So 20:55 that shiv is just leveling off what we 20:57 call the hollow. And he's also using a 20:59 tool called H. We missed it. You 21:01 couldn't actually tell the difference. 21:02 If you watch the full thing, you could 21:03 see, but the shiv and the crows look the 21:05 same. The shiv levels off where the 21:06 groove is going to go. And then no, the 21:09 Yeah, the shiv levels off where the 21:10 groove is going to go and then the crows 21:12 cuts where the groove goes and that is 21:14 where the head goes. So what's doing now 21:16 is cutting the head. So, what you didn't 21:17 notice, see if you notice that there. 21:19 What he puts over there, I'm wearing a 21:20 penny which protects me. He puts a 21:22 little bit of string with a block on 21:23 there so it doesn't pull any knives 21:25 towards him. Great idea. It's kind of 21:27 cool. I wouldn't mind one of them, but 21:29 I've got a penny so I don't really need 21:30 it, but just to have to hang on the wall 21:33 and just to show it. So, he's using his 21:35 knife just to cut the cut the edge, 21:38 cut the um head into a point so it fits 21:40 into the fin groove that he cut off his 21:42 crows into the chime. And obviously I'll 21:44 have to do this for the top and the 21:45 bottom because every cask same with the 21:47 chime once you cut it to the in the 21:49 videos it only ever show you the one but 21:51 you've got to flip it over and do it to 21:52 the other. That's the thing with casks. 21:54 They've got two sides. So now he's just 21:56 putting the cask the head into the one. 21:58 Yeah. So it's got a a steep chim on 22:00 there. So he can just insert the heads 22:02 from the outside in which makes it a lot 22:04 easier. So now he's just putting a I'm 22:07 guessing that's knots. So he's just 22:08 removing all the knots, isn't he? Um 22:10 yeah, it's a good idea actually. So 22:12 maybe it does hold water. So, he's just 22:13 removing the knots and just putting a 22:15 bit of wood in there and knocking them 22:16 through. Like I said, it would never 22:17 hold beer, but it's it's that clearly 22:20 does the job and they've been doing it 22:21 for hundreds of years like this, I'm 22:23 sure. So, he's just cleaning up the 22:25 outside using like a downright scraper 22:26 type of tool. 22:29 And now he's just going to put some 22:30 wooden hoops on there. So, wooden hoops 22:31 are one thing that I never use. This is 22:33 really cool. So, he's using his ads 22:34 there. So, he does have an ads, but he 22:36 doesn't use it to cut his chain. He uses 22:37 it to cut his hoops, which is 22:39 fascinating. 22:41 Uh, so yeah, he's just cutting like a 22:42 little notch in there. And this, I'm 22:44 pretty sure, if I'm correct, he uses no 22:46 nails, no glue, not even a bit of 22:49 string. It's literally just the hoop 22:53 that holds the hoop onto the cask, which 22:56 I mean, look at it. It's incredibly 22:58 skilled. I mean, I'm I've got some 22:59 hazel. Maybe I should get some new I 23:01 mean, it's pretty dry. Maybe I should 23:02 get some newer flexible hazel 23:05 and give it a go because it's really 23:06 cool. It makes these I mean like I say 23:08 it's not going to work for my bread and 23:09 butter cast my brewery fusing SC we're 23:11 not going to start yet sending beer with 23:13 wooden hoops on them but if I can make 23:16 some truss hoops to potentially bend 23:17 some casks or make them for furniture 23:19 buckets and stuff makes them look really 23:21 medieval and cool and obviously that's 23:23 how the Romans did it. That's how 23:25 coopers have done it for thousands of 23:26 years of wooden hoops. 23:29 I'm like a modern day Cooper but a 23:32 modern day Cooper and that's very very 23:33 old still. like I do cooper from like a 23:35 couple hundred like a few hundred years 23:36 ago. No, they don't do it like I do it 23:39 anymore. So now what he's doing here is 23:41 probably the one of the coolest parts. 23:42 He's blowing into it. He's drilled a 23:44 little hole. He's blowing into it and 23:47 then he's going to feel if the pressure 23:49 comes back and if the pressure comes 23:51 back then you know that it's sealed and 23:53 if it didn't come back obviously it's 23:55 escaping somewhere in the cask. So yeah, 23:56 it's a beautiful little cask. Once again 23:59 these Koopas are brilliant. the way. 24:01 Yeah, 24:02 absolutely fantastic. So, if I can make 24:04 a rep replica of all these casks start. 24:07 So, that is all these videos finished as 24:09 well, guys. So, I'm just going to waffle 24:10 for a minute at the end here. So, if I 24:13 can make a cask at the first video with 24:15 all the ends not level and just focus on 24:17 the belly and make a nice cask at the 24:19 end of it. That would be a cool 24:20 challenge. But, I'm definitely going to 24:22 make a lovely little wine jug like that. 24:24 There'll be some trial and error there, 24:25 I'm sure, trying to get the correct 24:27 shape and to make it hold as well. Very 24:29 impressive. And then finally make a 24:31 wooden hooped softwood cask and see how 24:34 the difference between oak and um the 24:36 soft woods. But yeah, and also wooden 24:39 hoops versus metal hoops. A lot to look 24:41 forward to guys. Hope you enjoyed that. 24:43 Something different. See you in the next 24:45 one. Peace. Shout out to the Coopers 24:47 Club members. There's a giveaway coming 24:49 tomorrow, so keep your eyes peeled. See 24:50 you in the next one. Peace.