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Building a LASER Vector Display: A Journey of Trials and Tribulations

• 0:00 Project Goal: The creator attempts to build a vector display using a cheap laser galvo, aiming to improve upon a previous "fake CRT TV" project.

• 0:26 Initial Setup: Replaces a stepper galvo with a cheap, off-the-shelf galvanometer from AliExpress. The initial galvo purchased didn't include a required power supply.

• 0:41 Power Supply Issues: The galvo requires a ±15V power supply and accepts a ±10V or ±5V signal, which was not clearly documented. Initial tests with an ESP32's 0-3.3V signal were successful.

• 1:44 Analog Preamp: A custom analog preamp circuit is built to boost the signal.

• 2:11 Electrical Mishap: A major setback occurs due to a reversed polarity connection while attempting to use a 6-cell LiPo battery for power, damaging components (electrolytic capacitors, a -9V regulator).

• 2:50 Component Replacement: Damaged components, including op-amps, drivers, and regulators, are replaced, but the repairs are unsuccessful.

• 3:55 Ordering New Parts: The creator is forced to order a new galvo, taking a 3-week delay.

• 4:09 Circuit Analysis: The time spent debugging provides insight into the galvo's feedback loop, which uses light detectors and an infrared diode.

• 4:27 Audio Amplifier Discovery: The galvo drivers (D2030A) are identified as AB-class audio amplifiers, leading to a side project building a small audio amplifier with a TDA2050.

• 5:22 Feedback Loop Experiment: Attempts to drive the galvo without the feedback loop are made, revealing the difficulty of balancing physical attributes without it.

• 5:52 New Galvo Arrival: A new galvo arrives, this time with the correct power supply.

• 6:20 Preamp Reconstruction: A new preamp is soldered, designed to be powered directly from the galvo's power supply.

• 7:07 Heat Issues: Driving the galvo at high amplification to cover a large area causes significant overheating of the controller.

• 7:27 ESP32 Integration: Efforts shift to driving the galvo directly from an ESP32. The challenge is the ESP32's 0-3.3V digital-to-analog converter output, which is unsuitable for direct galvo control.

• 7:56 Amplifier Circuit Selection: Various amplifier circuits are considered, and a "cursed amp" design by "Ruta ফরজ" is chosen for its simplicity.

• 8:09 Amplifier Construction: The chosen amplifier circuit is built on a perfboard, incorporating a switching power supply (a drop-in replacement for an LM7805) to efficiently provide 5V from the 12V input.

• 9:05 Laser Control: A MOSFET is added to switch the laser on and off.

• 9:31 Another Galvo Failure: The X-direction galvo stops working, initially suspected to be a driver issue, but later confirmed to be physical damage to the old galvo.

• 9:55 Wide Angle Limitations: Driving the galvos at wide angles seems to lead to their eventual failure.

• 10:05 Wide-Angle Lens Attempt: A wide-angle lens from a smartphone is considered to increase the display area, but the physical setup proves challenging.

• 10:29 Case Redesign: The original small TV case is abandoned in favor of a more practical and modular design.

• 11:48 More Galvo Problems: Additional issues and yet another galvo failure occur, highlighting the sensitivity of the components.

• 12:05 Angle Reduction To prevent more galvo damage the angle is reduced and the lens is used to project a bigger image.

• 12:22 Blood Sacrifice: The creator injures themself, jokingly attributing it to "poor safety Gods."

• 12:32 Final Success (Mostly): The project finally achieves a working state, displaying graphics, including a port of the classic game Asteroids (originally created by atomic14/Chris).

• 13:09 Vector Display Explanation: The display works by rapidly moving a laser dot to draw line segments.

• 13:20 Image Sharing: The creator implements image sharing by processing images with a Sobel filter (edge detection) and converting the edges into vector lines.

• 13:57 Brilliant.org: Sponsor advertisement for Brilliant.org educational platform.

• 15:07 Project Conclusion: The project is deemed a success, despite the numerous challenges and setbacks.