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Aura XP Laser Teardown: Exploring a 15W Green Medical Laser
0:00:02 Introduction: The video showcases an Aura XP laser, a 532nm (green) 15W laser used for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) procedures. It uses a fiber optic delivery system (handpiece not included).
0:00:31 Laser Type: Although advertised as continuous wave, the laser is a flashlamp-pumped system with an active Q-switch, operating in a pulsed mode at a high frequency to simulate continuous wave operation.
0:00:46 Front Panel Features: Includes an aiming beam (likely a red laser diode), an emergency stop, and a key switch (replaced with a push button).
0:00:57 Rear Panel Connections: Features vents, a fill port for the internal liquid cooling system, a pneumatic foot pedal connector, an eye protection filter connector, a remote interlock, a service port (dongle not available), and a 16A mains input.
0:01:48 Power Requirements: The laser has a power rating of 15 amps at 230 volts.
0:01:51 Internal Components Overview: One side contains a significant amount of electronics, the other side houses power components. A shielded area likely mitigates interference from the high-voltage flash tube ignition pulse.
0:02:20 Cooling System: Includes a radiator, reservoir tank, a possible liquid filter (white component), and a plastic cover over the laser components.
0:02:38 Foot Pedal Switch: A pneumatic switch is used for the foot pedal.
0:02:42 Unused Fuse Holders: Two fuse holders are present, but not connected, suggesting a potential provision for an uninstalled option or voltage selection.
0:03:07 Laser Assembly: The beam path is folded. It features a frequency-doubling KTP crystal mounted on Peltier coolers for temperature control. The coolant also cools the flash tube.
0:03:35 Lamp and YAG rod: The lamp and YAG laser rod have handwritten serial numbers.
0:03:40 Aiming Laser: A red diode laser is used for aiming, passing through a filter.
0:03:51 Base Plate: All components are mounted on a thick (approx. 10mm) aluminum base for mechanical stability.
0:04:00 Shutter Mechanism: A solenoid-operated shutter (actually a mirror that redirects the beam) is used, with photo interrupters to confirm its position.
0:04:27 Laser Manufacturer: The laser assembly is made by Laser Scope, with a license for the KTP crystal's use restricted to medical applications.
0:04:42 Beam Path Explanation: The beam reflects off a high-reflective mirror, passes through the KTP doubler, reflects off several mirrors, goes through the cavity, and exits via a mirror towards the handpiece.
0:05:10 Power-Up Sequence: The pump starts, and a warm-up message appears. The lamp turns on to warm up the system.
0:05:50 Lasing Observed: Green light emission is observed at different levels during calibration.
0:06:29 Beam Path Visualization: Using smoke it is only visible after the frequency doubler, at 532nm (green). Before this point the beam path is infared (1064nm).
0:06:51 Power Consumption: Draws about 400W in standby and 1400W at full power.
0:07:11 Beam Shutter (Mirror): The "shutter" is a mirror that deflects the beam into a beam dump (aluminum block) to prevent overheating a physical shutter.
0:07:52 Other Details. The host mentions that the unit will be fully torn down, as it pulls about 1kW for 15W of light.
0:08:31 Bypassing the Shutter. The shutter is bypassed. With a piece of wood put in front.
0:09:25 Control Board Details: The board features an 80C188 processor, RAM, non-volatile storage, an LCD controller, and Altera Max FPGAs. Some liquid corrosion is observed on IO chip pins.
0:10:11 Optical Sensing: Optical sensors measure laser power using photodiodes on the back of the board.
0:10:33 Medical Device Approval: Changes to approved medical devices are difficult, explaining the older components.
0:10:41 Welded Case: The case is welded, requiring components to be removed sideways.
0:10:45 Coolant Leak Protection: A lip on the cover diverts coolant leaks away from high-voltage electronics.
0:10:52 Power Supply Board: Contains a backlight inverter, voltage regulators, mains switching components, a possible circulation pump relay, and current sensing components.
0:11:16 Toroidal Transformer: A large toroidal transformer is present.
0:11:23 Ballast Resistors: Power resistors likely act as ballast for the lamp, with ferrites to suppress the ignition pulse.
0:11:59 Lamp Power Supply: Likely manufactured by Analog Modules, Inc., it's a 300V DC maximum output supply.
0:12:22 Power Supply Components: Features a UC3841 controller, power devices, a thermal cutout, inductors, a diode, and large capacitors. A boost regulator design is suspected.
0:13:07 Ignition Board: Likely controls lamp ignition, using a thyristor to discharge a capacitor through a transformer, generating a high-voltage spike.
0:13:34 Ignition Transformer: Provides the high-voltage pulse to strike the lamp.
0:13:36 Q-Switch Regulator: A voltage regulator for the Q-switch, driven by an RF signal to modulate its optical properties.
0:13:48 Q-Switch Function: Allows energy buildup in the lasing medium and then releases it for high peak power output.
0:14:05 Q-Switch Components: Includes a 60W power MOSFET, an Altera PLD, a DC-DC converter, and analog components.
0:14:38 Mains Filter: A large 16A mains filter handles the lamp current.
0:14:47 Cooling System Details: The main cooling comes from large tubes at the bottom, with a large fan and circulation pump.
0:15:07 Power Transformer: A custom-made transformer by Laser Scope.
0:15:17 Cooling Unit: A massive fan, a 12V brushless DC pump, a reservoir tank, and a heat exchanger from Thermatron Engineering.
0:15:36 Optical Deck: Cooling tubes connect to the Q-switch, KTP crystal heater, and the lamp block.
0:15:55 Lamp Block: Water inlets are sealed with O-rings. Small tubes may prevent air locks.
0:16:21 Discharge Tube: A high-pressure Xenon tube, possibly tuned to maximize absorption by the laser rod.
0:16:35 Laser Rod: Held by end plates with O-rings, it has a characteristic pink tinge and highly polished ends.
0:16:54 Reflector: The reflector is surprisingly diffuse, possibly to avoid hot spots on the rod.
0:17:11 Glass Separator: A glass separator, without apparent optical coatings, might reduce UV or protect the rod.
0:17:29 Reflector Material: The reflector is a soft, bright white silicone-type material.
0:17:34 Q-Switch Module: Clear in its unpowered state, it uses an optical crystal or glass with an RF input and matching network.
0:18:03 Handpiece Interface: A microswitch detects connection. A light guide may detect damaged fiber.
0:18:56 KTP Crystal Holder: The crystal is sandwiched between white blocks, with thin-film heaters and a thermal sensor. Water cooling regulates temperature.
0:19:26 KTP Adjustment: Adjustment screws allow for precise alignment.
0:19:37 Obsolescence: The technology is likely obsolete, with cheaper solid-state green lasers available.