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Infectious Disease Podcast (Puscast) Episode 76: A Summary of Key Topics

• 0:00:13 Introduction: Drs. Daniel Griffin and Sarah Dong introduce the podcast and discuss reaching episode 76, nearing triple digits.

• 0:01:52 Viral Section: The hosts begin with a discussion of viral infections, referencing "This Week in Virology" for deep dives, particularly on measles vaccine history.

• 0:01:52 Respiratory Pathogen Testing Trends: An article in JAMA Network Open is discussed, revealing increased respiratory testing in US children's hospitals, particularly post-COVID-19, with a shift from COVID-only testing to larger panel testing.

• 0:05:40 Testing Preferences: Dr. Griffin expresses concern about a potential return to not specifying viral causes, emphasizing the importance of knowing the specific virus (e.g., flu, RSV, COVID, human metapneumovirus).

• 0:07:59 Measles Outbreak: Discussion of the expanding measles outbreak in the US, with links provided to CDC updates and a Lancet ID editorial on measles facts and myths.

• 0:09:38 Measle Vaccine Effectiveness: The MMR vaccine is highlighted, noting it does not cause autism, does not contain mercury and there have been no associated deaths. Measles is described as having the four days of fever and the three C's (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis).

• 0:10:32 Herpes Zoster and Cardiovascular Risk: An article on the protective effects of the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) and antiviral therapy against cardiovascular disease following shingles is reviewed. Getting both the vaccine and antivirals significantly reduces risk.

• 0:12:34 Chikungunya Vaccines: Discussion of two chikungunya vaccines: JYNNEOS (virus-like particle) and IXCHIQ (attenuated). CDC is investigating cardiac/neurological events following IXCHIQ vaccination in older adults.

• 0:14:45 Bacterial Section: "This Week in Microbiology" is recommended.

• 0:14:50 Anaerobic Coverage in Pneumonia: A series of articles are discussed, consistently demonstrating that adding anaerobic coverage in community-acquired pneumonia is harmful and not helpful, leading to increased mortality and C. diff risk.

• 0:17:07 Antibiotics and CAR T-cell Therapy: A study in Blood finds that broad-spectrum antibiotics (particularly those with extended anaerobic coverage) negatively impact the gut microbiome and reduce the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in lymphoma patients.

• 0:21:29 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Treatment: A study in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that treating the male partners of women with BV with oral metronidazole and topical clindamycin significantly reduces BV recurrence in the women.

• 0:25:19 Fungal Section:

• 0:25:45 Rezafungin Activity: An article examines the activity of rezafungin against echinocandin non-wild-type Candida isolates, finding it active against a high percentage, including some with specific resistance mutations.

• 0:28:50 Antifungal Dosing in Critically Ill Patients: A study highlights the variability in antifungal drug levels in critically ill patients, suggesting the potential importance of therapeutic drug monitoring, though a direct link to treatment failure wasn't established.

• 0:31:28 Parasitic Section: "This Week in Parasitism" is promoted.

• 0:32:20 Alveolar Echinococcosis: A review of human alveolar echinococcosis (caused by Echinococcus multilocularis) is mentioned, emphasizing its severity and the need for early detection. It's described as acting like cancer.

• 0:33:50 Fasciola gigantica Infection: An analysis of Fasciola gigantica infections in Vietnam is discussed, highlighting its clinical similarity to Fasciola hepatica but with some geographical differences.

• 0:37:04 Miscellaneous Section:

• 0:37:09 Call to Action for Medical Editors: An article calls on the global infectious diseases and clinical microbiology community to resist misinformation and engage with journalists to provide accurate information.

• 0:40:03 Climate-Focused Track for ID Fellowship: An article describes a pilot climate change training pathway within an ID fellowship, highlighting the intersection of climate change and infectious diseases.

• 0:41:39 Sustainable ID Group: Is mentioned as a good resource for people interested in climate change.

• 0:41:39 "Gaslighting" in Healthcare: An article defines "gaslighting" in healthcare and provides a primer on recognizing corporate jargon used to undermine the infectious disease workforce, encouraging resistance and clear communication.

• 0:44:54 Closing: Contact information, support options for MicrobeTV, and acknowledgments are provided.