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TWiV 1203: What's Old Is Flu Again - A Deep Dive into Influenza, Vaccines, and Imprinting

• 0:07 Introduction: Hosts Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker discuss influenza viruses and vaccines.

• 5:48 Support for Science: Appeal for financial support for MicrobeTV's science education efforts.

• 6:20 ASV 2025: Announcement of the American Society for Virology 2025 meeting in Montreal, Canada, with deadlines for dependent care benefits and early registration.

• 10:13 RFK Jr.'s H5N1 Proposal: Discussion and critique of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s suggestion to let H5N1 avian influenza "rip" through bird flocks, highlighting the dangers and impracticality of this approach. They emphasize that the H5N1 is nearly 100% lethal.

• 17:50 Sacrifice: A quote stating that we must all be willing to give up some freedoms for the safety of all.

• 20:56 Combined Flu/COVID mRNA Vaccine: Review of a Phase 1/2 trial of a combined influenza/COVID mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1283) from Moderna, highlighting its safety and immunogenicity.

• 23:31 Vaccination Rates: Low vaccination rates for both influenza (48.5%) and COVID-19 (22.5%) in the US during the 2023-2024 season are mentioned.

• 31:01 mRNA Vaccine Safety: Discussion of the safety of mRNA vaccines, refuting common misconceptions and misinformation.

• 40:54 Rare Syndrome After COVID Vaccination Brief mention of Akiko Iwasaki's research on "Post-Vaccination Syndrome," a very small study looking into the immunological profiles of those with a strong vaccine response.

• 44:45 Imprinting: Discussion of a study on immunological imprinting, showing how the first influenza virus exposure shapes the B cell response to influenza vaccination for at least 50 years.

• 49:12 h2n2: An h2n2 virus caused a pandemic and the virus was only in circulation from 1957-1968.

• 54:19 Memory Response: Individuals previously exposed to H2N2 influenza virus mount a strong memory B cell response upon vaccination with an H2 hemagglutinin vaccine.

• 55:33 Modern Immunology: Discussion of sequencing individual B Cells.

• 1:04:49 Naive vs. Imprinted Responses: Naive individuals develop a de novo antibody response with isotype switching and somatic hypermutation, while previously exposed individuals mainly expand pre-existing memory B cells.

• 1:08:16 Public Clonotypes Individuals with no exposure history develop responses with 3 specific public clonotypes. Individuals exposed 50 years ago do not.

• 1:15:11 Antibody Potency and Cross-Reactivity: Antibodies from previously exposed individuals show greater potency and cross-reactivity against drifted H2 strains compared to those from naive individuals.

• 1:16:23 IGA Antibodies: IGA antibodies are more broad neutralizers.

• 1:27:33 Listener Emails: Discussion of listener emails, including questions about polio vaccination strategies and clarification of HPV screening guidelines.

• 1:38:52 Weekly Picks:

  • Brianne: Node-Focal Plane Image Competition, showcasing stunning cell biology images.
  • Rich: "Periodic cooking of eggs," a scientific paper exploring optimal egg cooking methods.
  • Vincent: An article on science-based medicine debunking the "placebo effect" and emphasizing the importance of placebo controls in clinical trials.

• 1:53:45 Listener Pick: John Green's book "Everything is Tuberculosis."