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Exploring New Laser Wavelengths: UV Visibility and Unique Colors

• 0:00:13 The presenter investigates whether ultraviolet (UV) light below 400 nm is visible to the human eye and what it looks like.
• 0:00:23 Four new lasers with different wavelengths are introduced, including one intended to be UV.
• 0:00:35 Safety Warning: Emphasizes that lasers can be eye hazards regardless of perceived brightness and advises limiting exposure to intense UV light.
• 0:01:32 Begins testing the "Valkyrie 395" laser, expected to be in the 395 nm UVA range.
• 0:01:51 The camera detects the 395nm laser's dot, rendering it as bluish-white.
• 0:02:27 Spectrometer measurement reveals the actual peak wavelength is 393 nm, slightly deeper into the UV spectrum than labeled.
• 0:02:54 Measuring the 393 nm laser's power is challenging as the power meter's calibration starts at 400 nm.
• 0:03:19 An approximate power reading of 150 mW is obtained using the 400 nm calibration setting.
• 0:03:51 Comparison via fluorescence suggests the 393 nm laser's effective power might be significantly higher, appearing comparable to a 487 mW 405 nm laser in inducing fluorescence.
• 0:05:32 The 393 nm laser exhibits a thin, flat beam profile typical of direct diode lasers.
• 0:06:18 Key Finding: The presenter confirms that 393 nm light is visible to their eyes at the laser's intensity (using safety precautions for Class 3B viewing).
• 0:06:22 Key Finding: The visible 393 nm light is perceived as "oddly bluish-white... with a hint of violet," similar to how the camera captured it and resembling a 405 nm laser.
• 0:06:43 Notes that the standard visible spectrum (400-700 nm) is often rounded and can extend (e.g., 380-750 nm) at higher light intensities.
• 0:07:00 Testing two limited edition lasers: 495 nm (aqua-green) and 480 nm (ice-blue).
• 0:07:15 Spectrometer confirms 495 nm laser is accurate; the 480 nm laser measures 481 nm (within tolerance).
• 0:07:45 Power measurements: 495 nm at 99 mW (as expected); 481 nm at 67 mW (lower than expected).
• 0:08:17 Beam profiles indicate these are direct diode lasers. Discusses the inherent wavelength variability in direct diode lasers (e.g., nominal 488 nm diodes can range from 478-498 nm).
• 0:09:47 The camera struggles to differentiate the closely spaced colors (481, 490, 495, 505 nm).
• 0:09:50 The human eye, however, perceives distinct differences: 481 nm (blue), 490 nm (cyan), 495 nm (greenish-cyan/aqua), 505 nm (mostly green).
• 0:11:05 Testing the final laser: a 425 nm diode.
• 0:11:16 Describes the 425 nm color as a unique "deeper violet-indigo" or "blurple," distinct from 445 nm.
• 0:11:56 Safety Warning: This is a powerful Class 4 laser, requiring extreme caution.
• 0:12:07 Spectrometer confirms the 425 nm wavelength (with a wide peak typical of high-power multi-mode diodes).
• 0:12:20 Measures a very high power output of 1730 mW (1.73 W).
• 0:12:51 Key Finding/Surprise: Discovers the 425 nm laser can run on a single 18650 battery instead of the usual two smaller batteries.
• 0:13:14 Key Finding: Running on the single 18650 battery lowers the wavelength slightly to around 422 nm.
• 0:13:43 Key Finding: Using the single 18650 battery drastically reduces power output to a more manageable 246 mW (Class 3B), making its color easier to observe safely.
• 0:14:14 The ability to tune wavelength and power level simply by changing the battery type is highlighted as a unique and awesome feature ("two lasers in one"). This tuning did not work on the other tested lasers.
• 0:14:49 Thanks the donor (Tinker Lasers) for providing the lasers.