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Abstract:
This transcript captures the fifth webinar in the IEEE UFFCS America Latina en Foco series, focusing on frequency control. The session includes introductions, society announcements (including student volunteer opportunities presented by Etienne Tisserand), and two main technical presentations followed by a Q&A session moderated by Dr. Marina Gertzwolf (NRC Canada). Liz Hernandez (INM Colombia) provides a comprehensive overview of the history, development, technical implementation, international cooperation, and future directions of Colombia's national time scale, UTC(INM). Milena Guevara Burch (IQOQI Innsbruck) introduces her work on optical clocks using trapped ions, although the detailed content of her presentation is not included in the transcript. The Q&A explores Milena's research focus on precision measurement techniques using entanglement and Liz's upcoming work on satellite-based time services and CMCs. The webinar also covers logistical aspects like interpretation services and promotes future events.
IEEE UFFCS Webinar: Colombia's UTC(INM) & Trapped Ion Optical Clocks
0:00:33 Webinar Introduction: Start of the fifth webinar in the UFFCS America Latina en Foco series. Topics announced: history of Colombia's time scale UTC(INM) and optical clocks with trapped ions. Recording notice given.
0:01:34 Speakers & Logistics: Introduction of early career speaker Melina Guevara Burch, main speaker Liz Hernandez, and moderator Marina Gertzwolf. Explanation of the live interpretation feature (English/Spanish) available to attendees (0:02:10).
0:03:11 Organizing Committee: Introduction of the IEEE UFFCS Latin America Outreach Initiative organizing committee members.
0:04:04 Announcements: Information shared about accessing recordings of previous webinars on YouTube and the upcoming UFFCS Virtual Lecture Education Series webinar with Dr. Michael Tobar on Precision Metrology (Feb 1, 2022).
0:05:19 Student Volunteer Opportunities: Etienne Tisserand (Jr. Student Representative for Frequency Control) details ways for students to engage with the UFFC Society: becoming a student representative, applying for open volunteer positions, or joining the student task force. Benefits include networking and understanding conference organization.
0:08:32 Speaker 1 Introduction (Milena Guevara Burch): Introduction of Milena Guevara Burch, highlighting her Master's work at the University of Costa Rica and current PhD research on optical clocks with trapped Calcium and Aluminum ions at IQOQI, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
0:09:19 Speaker 1 Talk (Start): Milena Guevara Burch begins her pre-recorded talk on optical clocks. (Note: The specific content of the talk is not transcribed).
0:20:25 Speaker 2 Introduction (Liz Hernandez): Introduction of Liz Hernandez, Electronic Engineer and Head of the Time and Frequency Lab at the National Metrology Institute of Colombia (INM) since 2014.
0:21:29 Speaker 2 Talk Start - UTC(INM): Liz Hernandez begins her talk, thanking organizers and acknowledging Dr. Andreas Bauch (PTB). Topic: History of the internationally recognized Colombian time scale, UTC(INM).
0:22:51 INM Introduction & History: INM Colombia is located in Bogota. Colombia's metrology efforts began in 1965 with equipment donated by PTB Germany.
0:23:27 Key INM Achievements: Colombia published its first Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) in Time & Frequency in Feb 2015. INM began contributing to the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) in Sept 2017.
0:24:43 INM Team & Equipment: Introduction of the Time and Frequency lab members. Overview of the evolution of standards and equipment, noting current redundancy with three high-performance Cesium clocks and donations from NIST (USA) for international comparisons.
0:27:27 Path to UTC Contribution: Detailed timeline explaining how INM achieved UTC contribution: INM creation (2011), initial accreditation via NABLA (USA) (2013), signing the CIPM MRA (2013), achieving SIM Quality System approval (2013), utilizing the SIM Time Network (SIMTN) comparison linked through NIST before direct UTC participation, infrastructure setup and characterization (2015-2017), and appearing in BIPM Circular T (Sept 2017).
0:34:35 UTC(INM) Generation: Description of the technical setup: Two Cesium clocks synchronized via 1 PPS, signals distributed via switch and Auxiliary Output Generator (AOG/Micro-stepper) to feed the two international comparison systems (SIMTN managed by NIST, and the BIPM system for UTC). Emphasizes the need for cable delay measurements (0:36:22).
0:36:30 Purpose of UTC(INM) in Colombia: Serves as the basis for legal time, provides traceability to secondary labs via calibration services (relying on published CMCs), supports national digital transformation policies. Mentions free dissemination methods (URL, public IP, voice telephone) and paid services like synchronization offset measurements ("Premium Legal Time").
0:38:48 International Cooperation: Acknowledges crucial knowledge transfer and collaboration with individuals and institutions like NIST (Mike Lombardi), CINAM Mexico (Francisco Jimenez), ICE Costa Rica (Oscar Faggias), PTB Germany (Andreas Bauch), NRC Canada (Marina Gertzwolf), and others within the SIM region.
0:41:03 Conclusions & Future Work: UTC contribution establishes INM's technical competence. Future plans include improving the stability/accuracy of UTC(INM)'s contribution to UTC, starting contribution to Rapid UTC, and developing new remote calibration services via satellite links.
0:43:52 Q&A Introduction: Moderator Dr. Marina Gertzwolf introduces the Q&A, thanking speakers and highlighting the complexity of their work.
0:45:58 Q&A with Milena Guevara Burch: Milena clarifies she is responsible for the entire experimental project. Her group's focus is on developing advanced measurement techniques (e.g., using entanglement) to improve clock performance, rather than competing directly with major NMIs like NIST or PTB. She notes Aluminum and Ytterbium ions, and Strontium lattices, as leading optical clock candidates.
0:50:28 Q&A with Liz Hernandez: Liz states INM's immediate next steps are to improve and offer services based on satellite measurements (starting with GPS) and to develop corresponding CMCs. She acknowledges GNSS vulnerability is a concern but mitigation strategies are part of future planning, not current implementation.
0:54:01 Closing Remarks: Final encouragement for questions, recognition of the female researchers featured, reminder that the recording will be available on YouTube, and closing thanks and holiday wishes.