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Abstract:
This video tutorial demonstrates how to utilize STM32 C0 microcontroller peripherals, specifically timers and Direct Memory Access (DMA), to generate a Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) signal and subsequently measure its frequency and duty cycle without consuming CPU core resources. Using the STM32CubeIDE and Low-Level (LL) libraries, the tutorial proceeds in three stages: first, configuring Timer 1 to generate a basic PWM signal controlling an onboard LED; second, employing Timer 16 and DMA to periodically update Timer 1's duty cycle register from a memory array, creating a dynamic brightness effect; and third, setting up Timer 3 in Combined Reset Trigger mode with Input Capture on two channels (triggered by rising and falling edges) along with two DMA channels to capture the signal's timing characteristics (period and pulse width) into memory variables. A simple hardware modification (jumper wire) is required to route the PWM output to the measurement timer input. The process highlights the use of specific timer modes and DMA for efficient peripheral-to-peripheral and memory-to-peripheral operations.
STM32 Timer & DMA Tutorial: PWM Generation and Measurement
00:00:04 Introduction: The goal is to generate PWM using one timer and measure its frequency/duty cycle using another timer and DMA, minimizing CPU core impact. The process involves three steps.
00:00:43 Project Setup: A new STM32 project is created in STM32CubeIDE for the STM32C011C6 microcontroller on a Nucleo board.
00:01:37 Step 1 - Basic PWM Generation (Timer 1): Timer 1 is configured with an internal clock source to generate PWM on Channel 1, which is connected to the onboard LED (LD2, likely on PA8).
00:02:41 Library Choice: The tutorial opts to use Low-Level (LL) libraries instead of the HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) for finer control.
00:03:04 Clock Configuration: The microcontroller's high-speed internal oscillator (HSI) is set to 48 MHz, and the system clock is configured to run at this maximum speed.
00:03:26 Timer 1 Initial Config (1 Hz): Timer 1 is initially set up for a 1 Hz frequency (Prescaler=4799, Period=9999) with a 50% duty cycle (Pulse=5000).
00:04:05 Code Integration (Step 1): LL code is copied into the main.c file (User Code Section 2) to initialize and start Timer 1 for PWM generation. After building and flashing, the onboard LED blinks slowly (1 Hz).
00:07:05 Step 2 - Dynamic Duty Cycle (Timer 16 & DMA): The objective shifts to changing Timer 1's frequency to 1 kHz and dynamically altering its duty cycle using Timer 16 as a trigger and DMA for the transfer.
00:07:28 Timer 16 & DMA Config: Timer 16 is enabled. A DMA request is configured for the Timer 16 Update event (TIM16_UP) to transfer data from memory to a peripheral (Timer 1's Capture/Compare Register) in circular mode.
00:08:56 Timer 1 Re-Config (1 kHz): Timer 1's prescaler and period are adjusted for 1 kHz operation, and the initial pulse value is set to 0.
00:09:34 Timer 16 Config (2 Hz Trigger): Timer 16 is configured to generate update events at 2 Hz (Prescaler=4799, Period=4999), triggering the DMA transfers.
00:10:12 Code Integration (Step 2): An array holding different duty cycle values (datacycles) is defined. LL code is added to initialize Timer 16, its associated DMA channel, and start both timers. The DMA continuously copies values from the datacycles array to Timer 1's CCR1 register.
00:12:12 Step 3 - Signal Measurement (Timer 3 & DMA): The goal is to measure the period and duty cycle of the signal generated by Timer 1 using Timer 3 and DMA. Timer 3 is set to Combined Reset Trigger Mode.
00:12:52 Timer 3 Config: Timer 3 is enabled in Combined Reset Trigger mode, triggered by the input signal on Channel 1 (TI1FP1). The clock source is internal. Channel 1 is set for Input Capture Direct mode (Rising Edge), and Channel 2 is set for Input Capture Indirect mode (via Channel 1, Falling Edge).
00:13:29 DMA Config (Timer 3): Two DMA channels are configured for Timer 3: one triggered by Channel 1 Capture (TIM3_CH1) and the other by Channel 2 Capture (TIM3_CH2). Both transfer data from the peripheral (Timer 3 CCR1/CCR2) to memory variables in circular mode.
00:14:16 Timer 3 Clock/Capture Settings: Timer 3's clock is set to 1 MHz (Prescaler=47) to measure time accurately. Input capture polarity is set (Rising for CH1, Falling for CH2).
00:15:15 Hardware Modification: A physical jumper wire is required on the Nucleo board (Connector CN10, pins 11 to 13) to connect the Timer 1 PWM output (PA8) to the Timer 3 Channel 1 input (PA6).
00:15:57 Code Integration (Step 3): Variables (capture_ch1, capture_ch2) are defined to store the captured timer values via DMA. LL code is added to initialize Timer 3, its DMA channels, and start the timer.
00:17:30 Debugging: The application is built and run in debug mode to observe the values captured by Timer 3's DMA channels into the variables, representing the signal's timing characteristics (period in capture_ch1, pulse width in capture_ch2).
Error: value error