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Abstract:
This article details the experimental archaeology research of Greer Jarrett, who sailed over 5,000 kilometers along Norwegian Viking trade routes in replica clinker boats. Jarrett's hands-on approach led to the identification of four previously unconfirmed "havens" (small ports) along the coast, suggesting a decentralized network crucial to Viking trade and travel. His findings also provide insights into Viking navigational practices, proposing a reliance on "mental maps" and oral tradition rather than instruments, and highlighting the remarkable seaworthiness and collaborative nature of their vessels. The research underscores the value of experimental archaeology in understanding ancient technologies and societies where written records are scarce.
Exploring Viking Seafaring Through Experimental Archaeology
Experimental Archeology in Action: Archaeologist Greer Jarrett of Lund University spent three years sailing over 5,000 kilometers in replica Viking boats along known trade routes in the Norwegian fjords.
Discovery of New Havens: Jarrett identified four potential Viking "havens" (small ports) along the Norwegian coast, which may have been part of a decentralized network vital for trade and travel. These sites are located farther out to sea than other previously known major ports.
Boat Replication and Justification: The research used reconstructions of traditional Norwegian boats from the 1800s and early 1900s, chosen for their long-term continuity in boat-building practices similar to Viking vessels, despite some criticism for the time gap.
Sailing Experience and Challenges: Long-range voyages involved four-hour watches in extreme cold, requiring layers of wool clothing. Challenges included a mast spar snapping, necessitating improvised repairs.
Viking Navigational Insights: Jarrett believes Vikings used "mental maps" or a "maritime cultural mindscape" based on collective memory, oral traditions, and coastal landmarks for navigation, deeming instruments like compasses or sextants unnecessary for coastal travel.
Criteria for Identifying Havens: Potential havens needed to be reachable in low visibility with usable landmarks, large enough for multiple vessels (e.g., a faering), provide protection from elements, and offer access to fresh water.
Specific Havens Identified: The four high-scoring sites are Smørhamn, the archipelago of Sørøyane, Bjørnsund, and Storfosna, all of which align with historical evidence of past activity.
Future Research Plans: Jarrett intends to excavate these sites, expecting to find well-preserved underwater evidence like jetties and mooring posts, as well as smaller items related to ship repair.
Impact of Hands-On Research: Experimental archaeology allows for asking different questions, providing surprising insights into the seaworthiness, stability, and collaborative nature of Viking boats, and fostering strong social bonds among the crew.
Publication: Jarrett's findings are published in the Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory.