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Analysis of the Mac Banshee Stealer Malware

• 0:00:03 Introduction: The video introduces an analysis of the Mac Banshee Stealer malware, written in Objective-C. The source code was obtained from the VX Underground repository.

• 0:01:14 Objective-C Crash Course: Quick overview of Objective-C syntax, including:

  • interface for class definitions.
  • Inheritance from NSObject.
  • - for instance methods, + for static methods.
  • Bracket syntax for method calls.

• 0:03:54 Project Setup: Instructions on how to open the source code using Xcode or Visual Studio Code with the C++ extension pack and clangd using a CMakeLists.txt.

• 0:05:10 Initial Header File Analysis:

  • AntiVM class: Checks for VM, debugger, and Russian language.
  • Browsers class: Collects browser data, including extension IDs.
  • Controller class: Core logic, manages other classes. Holds a remote IP, encryption key, build ID, and send/post data functionality.
  • System class: Initialization methods and methods to grab system info.
  • Zkey class: Encryption functionality.
  • Tools class: Executes commands.
  • CollectWalletData class: Collects cryptocurrency wallet data.

• 0:09:10 Main Function: Relaunches itself with the argument run controller and an encryption key, then invokes the manage function.

• 0:11:10 Controller Manage Function: Core malware logic:

  • Performs Anti-VM checks using system calls (kinfo_proc & system_profiler) and a PTrace check.
  • Initializes a temporary directory using NSFileManager in the /tmp folder with a random 25 character string.
  • Attempts to retrieve the user's password via osascript dialog, validating it with dscl (Directory Services Command Line utility).

• 0:21:47 Browser Data Collection: Utilizes the Browsers class, collecting data from:

  • Chrome, Firefox, Brave, Edge, Vivaldi, Yandex, Opera and Opera GX, including browsing history, cookies, login data, extension data, and more.
  • Copies this data to the temporary folder on disk.

• 0:31:28 System Information Collection: Utilizes system_profiler to gather software and hardware information. Stores these in a dictionary with system password, and IP.

• 0:34:47 IP Address Retrieval: The malware tries to fetch the public IP address via web requests to specific URLs.

• 0:37:00 Data Storage: Writes collected information to temporary files on disk, including browser data, system information, and collected passwords.

• 0:41:16 File Grabbing: Uses an AppleScript to collect data from various locations including:

  • Safari browser data.
  • Notes data.
  • Text files, RTF files, and .wallet files on the desktop.
  • Attempts to reset TCC permissions.

• 0:51:58 Keychain Data Collection: Copies the keychain data to the temporary path.

• 0:52:04 Wallet Data Collection: Collects data from cryptocurrency wallets by copying data from their respective directories to a specific path in the temporary folder.

• 0:57:04 Data Compression: Compresses all collected data into a zip archive using ditto in the temp folder.

• 0:57:48 Data Exfiltration (Send Data):

  • Reads the zip archive into memory.
  • Encrypts it with a 15 byte XOR key.
  • Base64 encodes the encrypted data.
  • Constructs a JSON payload, containing base64 encoded data, the used key, and folder name.
  • Sends a POST request containing this data to the C2 server, waiting on a semaphore.

• 1:04:02 Cleanup: Removes the temporary files.

• 1:11:17 Critique:

  • Positives: Functional.
  • Negatives: Lacks evasion techniques like string obfuscation, in memory loading, poor Anti-VM checks, writes to disk instead of only memory, making its activities easier to detect. The use of a temp directory with all the data is also very noisy.

• 1:14:07 Resources: Recommends books by Patrick Wardle on macOS malware.